Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical CenterGroningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021 Mar;122:79-91. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.019. Epub 2020 Dec 28.
Repetitive, monotonic, and effortful voluntary muscle contractions performed for just a few weeks, i.e., resistance training, can substantially increase maximal voluntary force in the practiced task and can also increase gross motor performance. The increase in motor performance is often accompanied by neuroplastic adaptations in the central nervous system. While historical data assigned functional relevance to such adaptations induced by resistance training, this claim has not yet been systematically and critically examined in the context of motor performance across the lifespan in health and disease. A review of muscle activation, brain and peripheral nerve stimulation, and imaging data revealed that increases in motor performance and neuroplasticity tend to be uncoupled, making a mechanistic link between neuroplasticity and motor performance inconclusive. We recommend new approaches, including causal mediation analytical and hypothesis-driven models to substantiate the functional relevance of resistance training-induced neuroplasticity in the improvements of gross motor function across the lifespan in health and disease.
经过数周的重复、单调和费力的自愿肌肉收缩训练，即抗阻训练，可以显著提高所练习任务的最大自主力量，并且还可以提高总体运动表现。运动表现的提高通常伴随着中枢神经系统的神经可塑性适应。虽然历史数据赋予了抗阻训练引起的这种适应与功能相关的意义，但在健康和疾病的整个生命周期中，针对运动表现，这种说法尚未在系统和批判性的背景下进行检查。对肌肉激活、脑和外周神经刺激以及成像数据的回顾表明，运动表现和神经可塑性的提高往往是解耦的，使得神经可塑性和运动表现之间的机械联系没有定论。我们建议采用新的方法，包括因果中介分析和假设驱动模型，以证实抗阻训练诱导的神经可塑性在健康和疾病的整个生命周期中改善总体运动功能的功能相关性。
