Komaba Hirotaka, Ketteler Markus, Cunningham John, Fukagawa Masafumi
Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimo-Kasuya, Isehara, 259-1193, Japan.
The Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan.
Calcif Tissue Int. 2021 Apr;108(4):486-495. doi: 10.1007/s00223-020-00788-y. Epub 2021 Jan 2.
Disturbances in mineral and bone metabolism are common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially those undergoing dialysis. Renal osteodystrophy, which describes an alteration of bone morphology, is an important component of this systemic disorder and may explain the elevated risk of fracture which adversely affects morbidity and mortality. The most common form of renal osteodystrophy is high-turnover bone disease (osteitis fibrosa), which is induced by secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). During the past decade, there has been considerable advances in the management of SHPT, with the introduction of the calcimimetic agents, the optimized use of nutritional and active vitamin D, and the accumulated experience with surgical parathyroidectomy. Studies supported that these advances could translate into improvement of renal bone disease and fracture prevention, as well as decreasing the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. In this review, we summarize the available clinical evidence on the effect of old and new drugs on bone disorders in patients with CKD.
矿物质和骨代谢紊乱在慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者中很常见,尤其是那些正在接受透析的患者。肾性骨营养不良描述了骨形态的改变,是这种全身性疾病的一个重要组成部分,可能解释了骨折风险升高的原因,而骨折会对发病率和死亡率产生不利影响。肾性骨营养不良最常见的形式是高转换型骨病(纤维性骨炎),它由继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进(SHPT)引起。在过去十年中,SHPT的管理取得了相当大的进展,包括引入拟钙剂、优化使用营养性和活性维生素D,以及积累了手术甲状旁腺切除术的经验。研究表明,这些进展可以转化为改善肾性骨病和预防骨折,以及降低心血管事件风险和死亡率。在这篇综述中,我们总结了关于新旧药物对CKD患者骨疾病影响的现有临床证据。