探讨粮食不安全、抑郁风险和非正规工作之间的相互作用：南非有年幼子女的非正规女性工人的横断面调查结果。
Addressing the interaction between food insecurity, depression risk and informal work: findings of a cross-sectional survey among informal women workers with young children in South Africa.
机构信息
Centre for Rural Health, George Campbell Building, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
RHEdit, Geneva, Switzerland.
出版信息
BMC Womens Health. 2021 Jan 2;21(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s12905-020-01147-7.
BACKGROUND
There is a high burden of depression globally, including in South Africa. Maternal depression is associated with poverty, unstable income, food insecurity, and lack of partner support, and may lead to poor outcomes for mothers and children. In South Africa one-third of working women are in informal work, which is associated with socioeconomic vulnerability.
METHODS
A cross sectional survey explored work setting and conditions, food security and risk of depression among informal working women with young children (0-3 years). Depression risk was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Score (EPDS) and Whooley score. Food insecurity was evaluated using Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Data was analysed using SPSS and Stata.
RESULTS
Interviews were conducted with 265 informal women workers. Types of work included domestic work, home-based work, informal employees and own account workers, most of whom were informal traders. Most participants (149/265; 56.2%) earned between US$70-200 per month, but some participants (79/265; 29.8%) earned < US$70 per month, and few earned > US$200 per month (37/265; 14.0%). Many participants experienced mild (38/267; 14.3%), moderate (72/265; 27.2%) or severe (43/265; 16%) food insecurity. Severe food insecurity was significantly higher among participants with the lowest income compared to those with the highest income (p = 0.027). Women who received financial support from the baby's father were less likely to be food insecure (p = 0.03). Using EPDS scores, 22/265 (8.3%) women were designated as being at risk of depression. This was similar among postnatal women and women with older children. Household food insecurity was significantly associated with depression risk (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Informal women workers were shown to be vulnerable with low incomes and high rates of food insecurity, thus increasing the risk for poor maternal health. However, levels of depression risk were low compared to previous estimates in South Africa, suggesting that informal workers may have high levels of resilience. Interventions to improve social protection, access to health services, and support for safe childcare in the workplace could improve the health and wellbeing of these mothers and support them to care for their children.
背景
全球抑郁症负担沉重，包括南非。产妇抑郁症与贫困、不稳定收入、粮食不安全和缺乏伴侣支持有关，可能导致母婴不良结局。在南非，三分之一的职业女性从事非正规工作，这与社会经济脆弱性有关。
方法
横断面调查探讨了有年幼子女（0-3 岁）的非正规工作妇女的工作环境和条件、粮食安全和抑郁风险。使用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表（EPDS）和惠利量表评估抑郁风险。使用家庭粮食不安全访问量表评估粮食不安全。使用 SPSS 和 Stata 进行数据分析。
结果
对 265 名非正规女性工人进行了访谈。工作类型包括家务劳动、家庭劳动、非正规员工和自营职业者，其中大多数是非正规贸易商。大多数参与者（265 人中有 149 人；56.2%）每月收入在 70-200 美元之间，但也有一些参与者（265 人中有 79 人；29.8%）每月收入低于 70 美元，很少有参与者（265 人中有 37 人；14.0%）每月收入超过 200 美元。许多参与者经历了轻度（267 人中有 38 人；14.3%）、中度（265 人中有 72 人；27.2%）或重度（265 人中有 43 人；16.0%）粮食不安全。与收入最高的参与者相比，收入最低的参与者经历严重粮食不安全的比例明显更高（p=0.027）。从婴儿父亲那里获得经济支持的女性不太可能面临粮食不安全（p=0.03）。使用 EPDS 评分，22/265（8.3%）名女性被确定为有抑郁风险。产后妇女和有年长子女的妇女中，这种情况相似。家庭粮食不安全与抑郁风险显著相关（p<0.001）。
结论
研究表明，非正规女性工人收入低、粮食不安全程度高，因此增加了产妇健康不良的风险。然而，与南非之前的估计相比，抑郁风险水平较低，这表明非正规工人可能具有较高的适应力。改善社会保护、获得卫生服务以及在工作场所支持安全儿童保育的干预措施，可以改善这些母亲的健康和幸福感，并支持她们照顾子女。
Zotero 插件