Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 5714783734, Iran.
Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran.
J Chromatogr Sci. 2021 Apr 21;59(5):482-489. doi: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa108.
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is an analytical method for microextraction of analytes, in which the analytes bind to the sorbent on the surface of the SPME fiber. Many types of chemical agents are used as sorbent; however, many of these sorbents cause secondary contamination or are not cost-effective. Here, aqueous extract of Ferula gummosa was evaluated as potential source of sorbent for simultaneous microextraction of morphine and codeine. For this purpose, multiwalled carbon nanotubes were carboxylated with H2SO4/HNO3 (3:1) and then functionalized with aqueous extract of F. gummosa. Functionalization was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy measurements as well as scanning electron microscopy analysis. Porous polypropylene hollow fibers were filled with the functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and used for analyte extraction in urine sample at 40°C and pH 6 for 2 min. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis showed that the fiber could preconcentrate 1 ng/mL of morphine and 0.75 ng/mL codeine in urine sample and was successfully used for 30 times with no significant loss in the extraction efficiency. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for morphine were 1 and 3.3 ng/mL, respectively. LOD and LOQ for codeine were determined 0.75 and 2.47 ng/mL, respectively. Recovery of the fiber was 80% and 93% for morphine and codeine, respectively. SPME fiber using extract of F. gummosa plant was used for the detection of a small amount of morphine in urine sample. Therefore, plants can be considered as abundant and cheap sources of sorbent for various analytical purposes.
固相微萃取（SPME）是一种分析方法，用于微萃取分析物，其中分析物与 SPME 纤维表面的吸附剂结合。许多类型的化学试剂都被用作吸附剂；然而，许多这些吸附剂会引起二次污染或不具有成本效益。在这里，评估了阿魏胶的水提取物作为吸附剂的潜在来源，用于同时微萃取吗啡和可待因。为此，多壁碳纳米管用 H2SO4/HNO3（3:1）进行了羧化，然后用阿魏胶的水提取物进行了功能化。通过傅里叶变换红外和拉曼光谱测量以及扫描电子显微镜分析证实了功能化。多孔聚丙烯空心纤维填充了功能化的碳纳米管（CNTs），并在 40°C 和 pH 6 下用于尿液样品中分析物的提取 2 分钟。反相高效液相色谱（RP-HPLC）和液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）分析表明，纤维可以在尿液样品中预浓缩 1ng/mL 的吗啡和 0.75ng/mL 的可待因，并且可以成功使用 30 次，萃取效率没有明显损失。吗啡的检测限（LOD）和定量限（LOQ）分别为 1 和 3.3ng/mL。可待因的 LOD 和 LOQ 分别为 0.75 和 2.47ng/mL。吗啡和可待因的纤维回收率分别为 80%和 93%。使用阿魏胶植物提取物的 SPME 纤维用于检测尿液样品中的少量吗啡。因此，植物可以被认为是各种分析目的的丰富且廉价的吸附剂来源。
