Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India.
Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah-51452, Saudi Arabia.
Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2021 Oct 28;21(16):2117-2129. doi: 10.2174/1871520621666201231144007.
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) ranks third among all cancer-related deaths around the globe. Chemotherapy may prolong the survival of CRC patients to some extent, but its clinical use is associated with grave side effects on overall health. Contrary to chemotherapy, the use of plant-derived therapeutic molecules offered advantages because of their reduced toxicity. Polyphenol is a group of phytochemicals that impart many therapeutic benefits in the treatment of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Various signaling pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin, MAPK/PI3K and TGF-β/Smad, play very important roles in the development and progression of CRC. Polyphenols inhibit CRC progressions by modulating these signaling pathways e.g. curcumin and resveratrol impede cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting Wnt signaling. Because of their lower aqueous solubility, the therapeutic efficacy of polyphenols is not fully exploited. In order to increase their bioavailability and efficacy, the nanoformulations of polyphenols have been formulated and investigated against various CRC test models. The main objective of this review is to explore the potential roles of polyphenols and their nanoformulations in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
We used PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Scopus electronic databases by searching the keywords: nanoparticles, polyphenols, colorectal cancer, cell signaling pathways. Mostly, the articles were retrieved directly from the journals licensed to the library of Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.
Literature analysis has shown that the polyphenols contain several important bioactive compounds, which showed potential effectiveness against CRC. Incorporating polyphenols into nanoparticles further enhanced their bioavailability and efficacy. The findings from various studies demonstrated that polyphenol-nanoformulations accelerated the apoptosis in CRC cells by upregulating the levels of caspases and Bax, whereas inhibiting the CRC cell proliferation by downregulating the expression of Bcl-2 and ERK1/2.
This review provides a valuable resource on the important anti-CRC role of polyphenols and their nanoformulations. This review will expand our knowledge about the anti-CRC roles of polyphenols and their mechanisms of action through the multiple cell signaling pathways.
结直肠癌（CRC）在全球所有癌症相关死亡中排名第三。化疗在一定程度上可以延长 CRC 患者的生存期，但它在整体健康方面的临床应用存在严重的副作用。与化疗不同，植物来源的治疗分子的使用具有优势，因为它们的毒性较低。多酚是一组赋予治疗糖尿病、心血管疾病和癌症等多种治疗益处的植物化学物质。包括 Wnt/β-catenin、MAPK/PI3K 和 TGF-β/Smad 在内的各种信号通路在 CRC 的发展和进展中起着非常重要的作用。多酚通过调节这些信号通路来抑制 CRC 的进展，例如姜黄素和白藜芦醇通过抑制 Wnt 信号来阻止癌细胞增殖。由于它们的水溶性较低，多酚的治疗效果并未得到充分利用。为了提高它们的生物利用度和疗效，已经制备并研究了多酚的纳米制剂来对抗各种 CRC 测试模型。本综述的主要目的是探讨多酚及其纳米制剂在治疗结直肠癌中的潜在作用。
我们使用 PubMed、Web of Science、ScienceDirect、Google Scholar 和 Scopus 电子数据库，通过搜索关键词：纳米粒子、多酚、结直肠癌、细胞信号通路进行搜索。这些文章主要直接从沙特阿拉伯盖西姆大学图书馆许可的期刊中检索。
文献分析表明，多酚含有几种重要的生物活性化合物，对 CRC 具有潜在的有效性。将多酚纳入纳米粒子进一步提高了它们的生物利用度和疗效。来自各种研究的结果表明，多酚-纳米制剂通过上调半胱天冬酶和 Bax 的水平加速 CRC 细胞凋亡，同时通过下调 Bcl-2 和 ERK1/2 的表达抑制 CRC 细胞增殖。
本综述提供了有关多酚及其纳米制剂在重要的 CRC 中的作用的有价值的资源。通过多种细胞信号通路，本综述将扩展我们对多酚的 CRC 作用及其作用机制的认识。
