Pinto Camila Bonin, Bielefeld Jannis, Jabakhanji Rami, Reckziegel Diane, Griffith James W, Apkarian A Vania
Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Center for Translational Pain Research, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2020 Dec 16;14:609170. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.609170. eCollection 2020.
The judgement of human ability is ubiquitous, from school admissions to job performance reviews. The exact make-up of ability traits, however, is often narrowly defined and lacks a comprehensive basis. We attempt to simplify the spectrum of human ability, similar to how five personality traits are widely believed to describe most personalities. Finding such a basis for human ability would be invaluable since neuropsychiatric disease diagnoses and symptom severity are commonly related to such differences in performance. Here, we identified four underlying ability traits within the National Institutes of Health Toolbox normative data ( = 1, 369): (1) Motor-endurance, (2) Emotional processing, (3) Executive and cognitive function, and (4) Social interaction. We used the Human Connectome Project young adult dataset ( = 778) to show that Motor-endurance and Executive and cognitive function were reliably associated with specific brain functional networks ( = 0.305 ± 0.021), and the biological nature of these ability traits was also shown by calculating their heritability (31 and 49%, respectively) from twin data.
对人类能力的判断无处不在，从学校招生到工作绩效评估。然而，能力特质的确切构成往往定义狭隘，缺乏全面的依据。我们试图简化人类能力的范围，类似于人们普遍认为五种人格特质能够描述大多数个性的方式。找到这样一个人类能力的基础将非常宝贵，因为神经精神疾病的诊断和症状严重程度通常与表现上的此类差异相关。在这里，我们在美国国立卫生研究院工具箱规范数据（ = 1,369）中确定了四种潜在的能力特质：（1）运动耐力，（2）情绪处理，（3）执行和认知功能，以及（4）社交互动。我们使用人类连接组计划青年成人数据集（ = 778）来表明，运动耐力以及执行和认知功能与特定的脑功能网络可靠相关（ = 0.305 ± 0.021），并且通过从双胞胎数据计算它们的遗传力（分别为31%和49%）也显示了这些能力特质的生物学性质。
