Acute effects of CHNHPbI perovskite on Scenedesmus obliquus and Daphnia magana in aquatic environment.

CHNHPbI is one of the most widely studied and most promising photoelectric conversion materials for large-scale application. However, once it is discharged into the aquatic environment, it will release a variety of lethal substances to the aquatic organisms. Herein, two typical aquatic pollution indicators, Scenedesmus obliquus (a typical phytoplankton) and Daphnia magna (a typical zooplankton), were used to assess the acute effects of CHNHPbI perovskite on aquatic organisms. The results showed that, when the initial CHNHPbI perovskite level (CPL) was 40 mg L or higher, the growth of S. obliquus would be remarkably inhibited with significant decreases of chlorophyll content and protein content. And when the CPL was over 5 mg L, the survival of D. magna would be notably threatened. Specifically, the 72 h EC-50 of CHNHPbI perovskite to S. obliquus was calculated as 37.21 mg L, and the 24 h LC-50 of this perovskite to D. magna adults and neonates were calculated as 37.53 mg L and 18.55 mg L, respectively. Moreover, remarkably solution pH declination and large amounts of lead bio-accumulation was observed in the both acute experiments, which could be the main reasons causing the above acute effects. Considering the strong acute effects of these CHNHPbI perovskite materials and their attractive application prospect, more attentions should be paid on their harmness to the environment.