Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
Chemistry Division, Georgia Gwinnett College, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Dec 30;22(1):308. doi: 10.3390/ijms22010308.
Calmodulin (CaM) is an important intracellular protein that binds Ca and functions as a critical second messenger involved in numerous biological activities through extensive interactions with proteins and peptides. CaM's ability to adapt to binding targets with different structures is related to the flexible central helix separating the N- and C-terminal lobes, which allows for conformational changes between extended and collapsed forms of the protein. CaM-binding targets are most often identified using prediction algorithms that utilize sequence and structural data to predict regions of peptides and proteins that can interact with CaM. In this review, we provide an overview of different CaM-binding proteins, the motifs through which they interact with CaM, and shared properties that make them good binding partners for CaM. Additionally, we discuss the historical and current methods for predicting CaM binding, and the similarities and differences between these methods and their relative success at prediction. As new CaM-binding proteins are identified and classified, we will gain a broader understanding of the biological processes regulated through changes in Ca concentration through interactions with CaM.
钙调蛋白（CaM）是一种重要的细胞内蛋白，它能结合 Ca，并通过与蛋白质和肽的广泛相互作用作为关键的第二信使参与众多生物活性。CaM 适应与具有不同结构的结合靶标是与其分离 N-和 C-末端叶的柔性中心螺旋有关，该螺旋允许蛋白的延伸和塌陷形式之间的构象变化。CaM 结合靶标最常使用预测算法来识别，这些算法利用序列和结构数据来预测可以与 CaM 相互作用的肽和蛋白质的区域。在这篇综述中，我们提供了不同的 CaM 结合蛋白、它们与 CaM 相互作用的基序以及使它们成为 CaM 良好结合伴侣的共同特性的概述。此外，我们还讨论了预测 CaM 结合的历史和当前方法，以及这些方法之间的相似性和差异及其在预测方面的相对成功。随着新的 CaM 结合蛋白的鉴定和分类，我们将通过与 CaM 的相互作用更深入地了解通过 Ca 浓度变化调节的生物过程。
