Applying social cognitive theory to nonsuicidal self-injury: Interactions between expectancy beliefs.

A measure was recently developed which assesses self-efficacy to resist NSSI across differing contexts. The aim of this study was to examine how self-efficacy to resist NSSI across contexts interacts with NSSI-related outcome expectancies when differentiating NSSI history. 501 Australian college students aged 17-40 years ( = 21.21,  = 2.36). Participants completed online questionnaires. Self-efficacy to resist NSSI when in contexts considered to be protective or of high risk moderated the relationships between NSSI-related outcome expectancies and recent engagement in NSSI. Participants who expected NSSI to result in communication were more likely to have recently engaged in NSSI if they held weak self-efficacy to resist NSSI in protective contexts. Expecting NSSI to result in diminished self-worth was protective against weak self-efficacy to resist NSSI. Results support the application of Social Cognitive Theory to NSSI and provide future avenues for exploring NSSI-specific cognitions.