Arch Suicide Res. 2022 Oct-Dec;26(4):1688-1701. doi: 10.1080/13811118.2021.1983492. Epub 2021 Oct 12.
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is the deliberate damage of one's own body tissue in the absence of suicidal intent. Research suggests that individuals engage in NSSI as a means of regulating their emotions and that NSSI is associated with emotion regulation difficulties. There is also evidence supporting the role of outcome expectancies and self-efficacy to resist NSSI. However, it is unclear how these factors work together to explain NSSI.
To explore whether the relationships between five NSSI-specific outcome expectancies and NSSI history are moderated by emotion regulation difficulties and self-efficacy to resist NSSI.
1002 participants (age = 20.51, 72.5% female, 39.7% lifetime history of NSSI) completed an online survey including measures of NSSI history, outcome expectancies, self-efficacy to resist NSSI, and emotion regulation difficulties.
Emotion regulation difficulties were associated with NSSI, as was expecting NSSI to regulate affect. Conversely, expectations of communication and/or pain, as well as self-efficacy to resist NSSI were negatively associated with NSSI. Expectancies also interacted with both difficulties in emotion regulation and self-efficacy to resist NSSI in predicting self-injury. For example, the association between expectations of affect regulation and self-injury was weaker when associated with greater self-efficacy to resist NSSI.
These findings provide support for considering NSSI-specific cognitions in concert with emotion regulation when understanding NSSI.HighlightsOutcome expectancies can differentiate people based on NSSI history.Emotion regulation difficulties and self-efficacy to resist NSSI moderate the relationships between outcome expectancies and NSSI history.Emotion regulation difficulties and low self-efficacy to resist NSSI work together to predict NSSI history.
非自杀性自伤（NSSI）是指在没有自杀意图的情况下故意伤害自己的身体组织。研究表明，个体进行 NSSI 是为了调节情绪，并且 NSSI 与情绪调节困难有关。也有证据支持抵制 NSSI 的预期结果和自我效能的作用。然而，这些因素如何共同作用来解释 NSSI 尚不清楚。
探讨 NSSI 特定的五种预期结果与 NSSI 史之间的关系是否受到情绪调节困难和抵制 NSSI 的自我效能的调节。
1002 名参与者（年龄=20.51，72.5%女性，39.7%有终生 NSSI 史）完成了一项在线调查，其中包括 NSSI 史、预期结果、抵制 NSSI 的自我效能和情绪调节困难的测量。
情绪调节困难与 NSSI 有关，期望 NSSI 调节情绪也是如此。相反，沟通和/或疼痛的期望，以及抵制 NSSI 的自我效能与 NSSI 呈负相关。预期结果也与情绪调节困难和抵制 NSSI 的自我效能相互作用，共同预测自我伤害。例如，当与更高的抵制 NSSI 的自我效能相关联时，期望情绪调节与自我伤害之间的关联就会减弱。
这些发现为在理解 NSSI 时同时考虑特定于 NSSI 的认知和情绪调节提供了支持。
预期结果可以根据 NSSI 史区分人群。
情绪调节困难和抵制 NSSI 的自我效能调节预期结果与 NSSI 史之间的关系。
情绪调节困难和抵制 NSSI 的自我效能低共同预测 NSSI 史。
