School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK.
Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università Della Campania L. Vanvitelli, 81031, Aversa, Italy.
Chemosphere. 2021 May;270:129412. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129412. Epub 2020 Dec 24.
The removal of groundwater contamination is a complex process due to the hydro-geochemical characteristics of the specific site, related maintenance and the possible presence of several types of pollutants, both organic and inorganic. In recent decades, there has been an increasing drive towards more sustainable treatment for contaminated groundwater as opposed to "intensive" treatments, i.e. with high requirements for onsite infrastructure, energy and resource use. In this study, a new remediation technology is proposed, combining the use of advanced drainage systems with adsorption processes, termed "In-situ reactive DRAINage system for groundwater TREATment" (In-DRAIN-TREAT). By taking advantage of the groundwater natural gradient, In-DRAIN-TREAT collects the contaminated groundwater via a drainage system and treats the polluted water directly into an active cell located downstream, avoiding external energy inputs. Preliminary results indicate the applicability and high efficiency of In-DRAIN-TREAT when compared with a permeable reactive barrier (PRB). In-DRAIN-TREAT is applied to remediate a theoretical aquifer with low permeability, contaminated by a 13 m wide hexavalent chromium (Cr) plume. This is achieved in less than a year, via a drain DN500, 32 m long, a 30 m treatment cell filled with activated carbon and no energy consumption. A comparison with permeable barriers also shows a preliminary 63% volume reduction, with a related 10% decrease of remediation costs.
地下水污染的治理是一个复杂的过程，这是由于特定场地的水文地球化学特征、相关的维护以及可能存在多种类型的污染物（有机和无机）造成的。近几十年来，人们越来越倾向于采用更可持续的方法来处理受污染的地下水，而不是采用“强化”处理方法，即对现场基础设施、能源和资源的使用有很高的要求。在本研究中，提出了一种新的修复技术，即将先进的排水系统与吸附过程相结合，称为“地下水原位反应性排水处理系统”（In-DRAIN-TREAT）。通过利用地下水的自然梯度，In-DRAIN-TREAT 通过排水系统收集受污染的地下水，并直接将受污染的水在下游的一个活性单元中进行处理，避免了外部能源的输入。初步结果表明，与可渗透反应性屏障（PRB）相比，In-DRAIN-TREAT 的适用性和高效性。In-DRAIN-TREAT 应用于修复一个低渗透性的理论含水层，该含水层被一个 13 米宽的六价铬（Cr）污染带污染。这是通过一个 DN500 的排水管、32 米长的排水管、一个填充有活性炭的 30 米处理单元在不到一年的时间内实现的，并且没有消耗能源。与可渗透屏障的比较也显示出初步减少了 63%的体积，修复成本降低了 10%。
