School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, 14300, Penang, Malaysia.
School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, 14300, Penang, Malaysia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Apr;28(14):17587-17601. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-12097-w. Epub 2021 Jan 5.
This study investigated the coagulation performance of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl) for leachate treatment and preparation of titanium oxide (TiO) from generated sludge through calcination process at different temperatures and times. TiCl with chitosan as coagulant aid employed to perform coagulation process on Alor Ponhsu Landfill leachate. Further calcination process was done to synthesize TiO from produced sludge for photocatalytic applications. The studied factors included pH, TiCl dosage, and chitosan dosage. The results indicated that maximum reduction in suspended solids was 92.02% at pH 4, 1200 mg/L TiCl, and 250 mg/L chitosan addition, and maximum reduction in chemical oxygen demand was 71.92% at experimental condition of 1200 mg/L TiCl and 500 mg/L chitosan with pH 10. The maximum and minimum band gaps of prepared TiO achieved at 3.35 eV and 2.75 eV, respectively. Morphology and phase analysis of prepared TiO characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD spectrums showed the anatase phase at lower calcination temperature and the rutile phase at elevated temperature. The photocatalysis activity of produced TiO investigated under UV irradiation and showed almost fast degradation similar to commercial TiO. The results indicated that TiO powder was successfully prepared from generated sludge from TiCl coagulation for photocatalytic applications.
本研究通过不同温度和时间的煅烧过程，考察了四氯化钛（TiCl）对渗滤液处理和从生成的污泥中制备氧化钛（TiO）的凝固性能。采用 TiCl 和壳聚糖作为助凝剂，对 Alor Ponhsu 垃圾填埋场渗滤液进行混凝处理。进一步的煅烧过程是为了将产生的污泥合成 TiO 用于光催化应用。研究的因素包括 pH 值、TiCl 用量和壳聚糖用量。结果表明，在 pH 值为 4、TiCl 用量为 1200mg/L 和壳聚糖用量为 250mg/L 时，悬浮固体的最大去除率为 92.02%，在 pH 值为 10、TiCl 用量为 1200mg/L 和壳聚糖用量为 500mg/L 的实验条件下，化学需氧量的最大去除率为 71.92%。制备的 TiO 的最大和最小能带隙分别为 3.35eV 和 2.75eV。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和 X 射线衍射（XRD）对制备的 TiO 的形貌和相分析。XRD 谱图表明，在较低的煅烧温度下存在锐钛矿相，在较高的温度下存在金红石相。在 UV 照射下研究了制备的 TiO 的光催化活性，结果表明其几乎与商业 TiO 一样快速降解。结果表明，成功地从 TiCl 混凝产生的污泥中制备了用于光催化应用的 TiO 粉末。
