Arch Suicide Res. 2022 Apr-Jun;26(2):481-499. doi: 10.1080/13811118.2020.1848669. Epub 2021 Jan 6.
In response to the increasing rates of suicide in military personnel throughout the world, there is an increasing focus on the development and implement of interventions aimed at preventing suicide among this group. Therefore, the goal of the present systematic review was to examine the effectiveness of interventions focused on preventing suicidal ideation and behavior in military personnel.
Search for articles was conducted in PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), IranMedex, Scientific Information Database (SID), and MagIran. International databases were searched from June 2008 to May 2019, and Iranian databases were searched from their inception to May 2019. RCT and non-RCT studies focused on the effectiveness of preventive interventions for suicide in military personnel were included in the analysis. Narrative synthesis of results was the main strategy for data analysis.
According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 articles were selected. Interventions were divided into four categories according to their nature: interventions based on psychotherapy, interventions based on crisis management, interventions based on pharmacotherapy, and community-based interventions. In addition, most studies had moderate methodological quality.
Most of the preventive interventions were effective in reducing suicidal ideation and behavior in military personnel; however, in some cases, there were serious challenges in terms of effectiveness. Interventions based on cognitive-behavioral approaches constitute a significant portion of the interventions. Overall, RCTs and non-RCTs, especially community-based studies, need to use more rigorous examinations in order to gain research and clinical support. HIGHLIGHTSInterventions based on psychotherapy and community-based interventions were the most commonly used interventions, respectively.The majority of interventions based on psychotherapy came from cognitive-behavioral approaches.There are few evidence-based studies on prevention of suicide in military personnel.
针对全球范围内军人自杀率不断上升的问题，人们越来越关注开发和实施旨在预防该群体自杀的干预措施。因此，本系统评价的目的是检验针对军人自杀意念和行为的干预措施的有效性。
在 PsycINFO、PubMed、Web of Science、EMBASE、Google Scholar、Cochrane 中央对照试验注册库（CENTRAL）、伊朗医学数据库（IranMedex）、科学信息数据库（SID）和 MagIran 中进行了文章检索。国际数据库的检索时间为 2008 年 6 月至 2019 年 5 月，伊朗数据库的检索时间为建库至 2019 年 5 月。分析中纳入了专注于军人自杀预防干预措施有效性的 RCT 和非 RCT 研究。结果的叙述性综合是数据分析的主要策略。
根据纳入和排除标准，选择了 18 篇文章。根据性质将干预措施分为四类：基于心理治疗的干预措施、基于危机管理的干预措施、基于药物治疗的干预措施和基于社区的干预措施。此外，大多数研究的方法学质量为中等。
大多数预防干预措施在降低军人的自杀意念和行为方面是有效的；然而，在某些情况下，有效性方面存在严重挑战。基于认知行为方法的干预措施构成了干预措施的重要组成部分。总的来说，RCT 和非 RCT，尤其是基于社区的研究，需要更严格的检查，以获得研究和临床支持。
基于心理治疗和基于社区的干预措施分别是最常用的干预措施。大多数基于心理治疗的干预措施来自认知行为方法。关于预防军人自杀的循证研究较少。
