Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Michael Smith Labs, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Plant Commun. 2019 Dec 18;1(1):100016. doi: 10.1016/j.xplc.2019.100016. eCollection 2020 Jan 13.
The study of plant diseases is almost as old as agriculture itself. Advancements in molecular biology have given us much more insight into the plant immune system and how it detects the many pathogens plants may encounter. Members of the primary family of plant resistance (R) proteins, NLRs, contain three distinct domains, and appear to use several different mechanisms to recognize pathogen effectors and trigger immunity. Understanding the molecular process of NLR recognition and activation has been greatly aided by advancements in structural studies, with ZAR1 recently becoming the first full-length NLR to be visualized. Genetic and biochemical analysis identified many critical components for NLR activation and homeostasis control. The increased study of helper NLRs has also provided insights into the downstream signaling pathways of NLRs. This review summarizes the progress in the last decades on plant NLR research, focusing on the mechanistic understanding that has been achieved.
植物病害的研究几乎与农业本身一样古老。分子生物学的进步使我们对植物免疫系统以及它如何检测植物可能遇到的许多病原体有了更深入的了解。植物抗性（R）蛋白的主要家族成员 NLR 包含三个不同的结构域，似乎使用几种不同的机制来识别病原体效应子并触发免疫。结构研究的进展极大地帮助了 NLR 识别和激活的分子过程，最近 ZAR1 成为第一个被可视化的全长 NLR。遗传和生化分析确定了许多 NLR 激活和动态平衡控制的关键组成部分。对辅助 NLR 的深入研究也为 NLR 的下游信号转导途径提供了新的认识。本文综述了过去几十年植物 NLR 研究的进展，重点介绍了已取得的机制理解。
