Quinless F W, Nelson M A
Department of Nursing Education and Services, School of Health Related Professions, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark.
Nurs Res. 1988 Jan-Feb;37(1):11-5.
The purpose of this study was to develop a measure of learned helplessness. Based on a review of the literature, 50 items were developed for inclusion in the proposed Learned Helplessness Scale (LHS). On the basis of independent reviews by three experts, 20 items were selected for inclusion in the LHS. An individual's response to each item was graded, using a Likert scale. A standardized alpha reliability coefficient of .85 was obtained for a sample of 241 healthy adults. There was a positive correlation between the LHS scores and Beck's Hopelessness Scale (HS) scores (r = .252) and a negative correlation between the LHS scores and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (SES) scores (r = -.622). These correlations were in the direction postulated by various theorists. A Varimax-rotated factor analysis of the LHS data yielded five factors. Three of these factors tapped content relevant to the attributional styles of learned helplessness. Clinical data were also obtained on samples of oncology, hemodialysis, and spinal cord patients. Because the alpha reliability coefficients of the LHS and the Pearson product moment correlation coefficients between the LHS and the HS and the LHS and the SES were in the same direction, the instrument is believed to have adequate internal consistency.
本研究的目的是开发一种习得性无助的测量方法。基于文献综述，编制了50个项目以纳入拟议的习得性无助量表（LHS）。在三位专家独立评审的基础上，选取了20个项目纳入LHS。使用李克特量表对个体对每个项目的回答进行评分。对241名健康成年人的样本进行测试，得到的标准化阿尔法信度系数为0.85。LHS得分与贝克绝望量表（HS）得分之间呈正相关（r = 0.252），LHS得分与罗森伯格自尊量表（SES）得分之间呈负相关（r = -0.622）。这些相关性与各种理论学家所假设的方向一致。对LHS数据进行方差最大化旋转因子分析，得出五个因子。其中三个因子涉及与习得性无助归因风格相关的内容。还获取了肿瘤、血液透析和脊髓疾病患者样本的临床数据。由于LHS的阿尔法信度系数以及LHS与HS和LHS与SES之间的皮尔逊积差相关系数方向一致，因此该工具被认为具有足够的内部一致性。
