Seymour R S, Piiper J
Abteilung Physiologie, Max-Planck-Institut für experimentelle Medizin, Göttingen, F.R.G.
Respir Physiol. 1988 Jan;71(1):101-15. doi: 10.1016/0034-5687(88)90118-1.
The inner and outer shell membranes (ISM, OSM) of fertile hen's eggs become aerated during the first ten days of incubation. The volume of gas in the compound membrane increases from 0 to 65% by day 11 when practically all of the space between the fibers is gas filled. The amount of gas depends on a balance between the capillary tension produced by fluid menisci in the interstices between fibers and the colloid osmotic tension of the albumen. Capillary tension, measured directly with a pressure plate apparatus, and colloid osmotic pressure, measured with a new technique, are in virtual equilibrium during aeration. These tensions increase from 0.15 bar at laying to 2.25 bar on day 11 because of evaporation from the membranes and active removal of water from the albumen by the embryo. Water leaving the membranes by evaporation is only partly replaced from the albumen. Thus the water contents of the membranes and albumen decrease (ISM: 79 to 56%, OSM: 71 to 52%, albumen: 86 to 58%). As the membranes dry, gas enters the larger pores first. Physiological estimates of effective radius show smaller (x = 1.3 micrograms), bimodally distributed pores in the ISM and larger (x = 3.4 micrograms), unimodally distributed pores in the OSM.
受精鸡蛋的内壳膜和外壳膜（ISM、OSM）在孵化的前十天会充气。到第11天时，复合膜中的气体体积从0增加到65%，此时纤维之间的几乎所有空间都充满了气体。气体量取决于纤维间隙中液体弯月面产生的毛细管张力与蛋白的胶体渗透压之间的平衡。用压力板装置直接测量的毛细管张力和用新技术测量的胶体渗透压在充气过程中实际上处于平衡状态。由于膜的蒸发以及胚胎对蛋白中水分的主动去除，这些张力从产蛋时的0.15巴增加到第11天的2.25巴。通过蒸发离开膜的水只有一部分从蛋白中得到补充。因此，膜和蛋白的含水量降低（ISM：从79%降至56%，OSM：从71%降至52%，蛋白：从86%降至58%）。随着膜变干，气体首先进入较大的孔隙。有效半径的生理学估计表明，ISM中的孔隙较小（x = 1.3微克），呈双峰分布，而OSM中的孔隙较大（x = 3.4微克），呈单峰分布。
