Fox Lindsey E, Locke Marissa C, Lenschow Deborah J
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States.
Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States.
Front Immunol. 2020 Dec 21;11:606874. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.606874. eCollection 2020.
Type I interferons (IFNs) are critical effector cytokines of the immune system and were originally known for their important role in protecting against viral infections; however, they have more recently been shown to play protective or detrimental roles in many disease states. Type I IFNs consist of IFNα, IFNβ, IFNϵ, IFNκ, IFNω, and a few others, and they all signal through a shared receptor to exert a wide range of biological activities, including antiviral, antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and immunomodulatory effects. Though the individual type I IFN subtypes possess overlapping functions, there is growing appreciation that they also have unique properties. In this review, we summarize some of the mechanisms underlying differential expression of and signaling by type I IFNs, and we discuss examples of differential functions of IFNα and IFNβ in models of infectious disease, cancer, and autoimmunity.
I型干扰素（IFNs）是免疫系统的关键效应细胞因子，最初因其在预防病毒感染中的重要作用而闻名；然而，最近研究表明它们在许多疾病状态中发挥着保护或有害作用。I型干扰素包括IFNα、IFNβ、IFNε、IFNκ、IFNω等几种，它们都通过共同的受体发出信号，发挥广泛的生物学活性，包括抗病毒、抗增殖、促凋亡和免疫调节作用。虽然各个I型干扰素亚型具有重叠的功能，但人们越来越认识到它们也具有独特的特性。在这篇综述中，我们总结了I型干扰素差异表达和信号传导的一些潜在机制，并讨论了IFNα和IFNβ在传染病、癌症和自身免疫模型中的差异功能实例。
