Ejnisman Leandro, Gobbato Bruno, de França Camargo Andre Ferrari, Zancul Eduardo
Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 333 Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Sao Jose, Jaragua do Sul, SC, Brazil.
Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2021 Feb;14(1):1-8. doi: 10.1007/s12178-020-09691-3.
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a rapidly evolving field traditionally utilized in non-medical industries. Recently, the medical use of AM is expanding, especially in orthopedics. The goal of this article is presenting the principles of AM and its main applications in orthopedics.
The main indications for AM in orthopedics are education, orthotics, surgical planning, surgical guides, and custom-made implants. Three-dimensional (3D) digital models can be obtained from tomographic scans using available free software. Then, it can be used to create a physical model, plan surgeries, or develop surgical guides which can aid the orthopedic surgeon during complex cases. Recent studies demonstrated the benefits of using printed models in educating patients and medical residents. Custom-made implants also have been evaluated with promising clinical outcomes. Using 3D technology has become a reality in orthopedics. Surgeons should expect exponential growth of its applications in the upcoming years. It is paramount that orthopedists get familiar with this disruptive technology.
增材制造（AM）是一个在非医疗行业传统上迅速发展的领域。最近，增材制造在医学上的应用正在扩大，尤其是在骨科领域。本文的目的是介绍增材制造的原理及其在骨科中的主要应用。
增材制造在骨科中的主要应用包括教育、矫形器、手术规划、手术导板和定制植入物。三维（3D）数字模型可以使用可用的免费软件从断层扫描中获取。然后，它可用于创建实体模型、规划手术或开发手术导板，这在复杂病例中可以帮助骨科医生。最近的研究证明了使用打印模型对患者和住院医生进行教育的好处。定制植入物也已经得到评估，临床结果很有前景。在骨科中使用3D技术已成为现实。外科医生应该预期在未来几年其应用将呈指数级增长。骨科医生熟悉这项颠覆性技术至关重要。
