Hirata Hiroshi, Petryakov Sergey, Schreiber Wilson
Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
In pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), free-induction decay (FID) or spin echo (SE) signals of unpaired electrons are recorded in the time-domain. In both methods, electromagnetic waves play an important role in the detection of unpaired electrons in EPR spectroscopy. The resonator generates and senses electromagnetic waves and therefore serves as a critical interface between unpaired electrons and the transmit/receive systems of an EPR spectrometer. Since a resonator is a sensitive electrical circuit that can amplify voltages and currents when the electrical circuit of the resonator is on resonance, the resonator is an essential component for EPR detection in continuous wave and pulsed EPR. Without the resonator, EPR signals cannot be detected with sufficient sensitivity. In this chapter, the basics of resonators and some examples of resonators used in preclinical studies with small animals and human subjects are explained.
在脉冲电子顺磁共振（EPR）中，未配对电子的自由感应衰减（FID）或自旋回波（SE）信号在时域中被记录。在这两种方法中，电磁波在EPR光谱学中未配对电子的检测中起着重要作用。谐振器产生并感应电磁波，因此作为未配对电子与EPR光谱仪的发射/接收系统之间的关键接口。由于谐振器是一个敏感的电路，当谐振器的电路处于共振时，它可以放大电压和电流，所以谐振器是连续波和脉冲EPR中EPR检测的重要组件。没有谐振器，就无法以足够的灵敏度检测EPR信号。在本章中，将解释谐振器的基础知识以及在小动物和人体受试者的临床前研究中使用谐振器的一些示例。
