Molecular Pathobiology Of Respiratory Diseases, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
Molecular Pathobiology Of Respiratory Diseases, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
Mitochondrion. 2021 Mar;57:108-118. doi: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.12.011. Epub 2021 Jan 4.
The puzzling traits related to the evolutionary aspect of mitochondria, still positions the mitochondrion at the center of the research. The theory of endosymbiosis popularized by Lynn Margulis in 1967 gained prominence wherein the mitochondrion is believed to have emerged as a prokaryote and later integrated into the eukaryotic system. This semi-autonomous organelle has bagged two responsible but perilous cellular functions: a) energy metabolism, and b) calcium buffering, though both are interdependent. While most of the mitochondrial functions are saliently regulated by calcium ions, the calcium buffering role of mitochondria decides the cellular fate. Though calcium overload in few mitochondria makes them dysfunctional at the early stage of cellular stress, this doesn't lead to sudden cell death due to critical checkpoints like mitophagy, mitochondrial fusion, etc. Thus, mitochondrion juggles with multiple crucial cellular functions with its calcium buffering skill.
线粒体的进化方面令人费解的特征，仍然使线粒体处于研究的中心。1967 年 Lynn Margulis 提出的内共生理论得到了重视，该理论认为线粒体起源于原核生物，后来整合到真核生物系统中。这个半自主的细胞器承担着两个重要但危险的细胞功能：a）能量代谢，b）钙缓冲，尽管这两个功能是相互依赖的。虽然大部分线粒体功能都受到钙离子的显著调节，但线粒体的钙缓冲作用决定了细胞的命运。虽然少数线粒体中的钙超载会使它们在细胞应激的早期阶段功能失调，但由于自噬、线粒体融合等关键检查点的存在，这并不会导致细胞突然死亡。因此，线粒体通过其钙缓冲能力来应对多种关键的细胞功能。
