Anyasi Tonna A, Jideani Afam I O, Mchau Godwin R A
Dept. of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Univ. of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, Limpopo Province, South Africa.
Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, School of Agriculture, Univ. of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, Limpopo Province, South Africa.
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2013 Sep;12(5):509-522. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12025.
Banana (Musa spp.) is one of the world's most important crops cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Banana is a major source of macro-elements, especially potassium, and contains health-beneficial ingredients such as resistant starch, total dietary fibers, rapidly digestible starch, and slowly digestible starch. Oligosaccharides (fructooligosaccharides and inulin) and polyphenols ((+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, and gallic acid) are other ingredients present in bananas that have found application in the prevention of muscular contractions, regulation of blood pressure, prevention of colon cancer and diabetes, and in the cure of intestinal disorders when unripe. This review identifies the different commercial and noncommercial banana cultivars and their utilization. Commercial cultivars include Williams (M. acuminata cv. Williams), Dwarf Cavendish (M. acuminata cv. Petite Nain), Chinese Cavendish (M. acuminata cv. Chinese Cavendish), Grand Nain (M. acuminata cv. Grand Nain), and Goldfinger (M. acuminata cv. Goldfinger), with Mabounde and Luvhele identified as noncommercial varieties. Banana postharvest utilization includes its use as functional foods, prebiotics, probiotics, nutraceuticals, and processing into value-added products.
香蕉（芭蕉属）是世界上最重要的作物之一，种植于世界热带和亚热带地区。香蕉是常量元素的主要来源，尤其是钾，并且含有有益健康的成分，如抗性淀粉、总膳食纤维、快速消化淀粉和慢速消化淀粉。寡糖（低聚果糖和菊粉）和多酚（（+）-儿茶素、（-）-表儿茶素、（-）-表没食子儿茶素和没食子酸）是香蕉中存在的其他成分，已发现它们可用于预防肌肉收缩、调节血压、预防结肠癌和糖尿病，以及在未成熟时治疗肠道疾病。本综述确定了不同的商业和非商业香蕉品种及其利用方式。商业品种包括威廉姆斯（威廉姆斯尖叶蕉品种）、矮香蕉（矮香蕉尖叶蕉品种）、中国香蕉（中国香蕉尖叶蕉品种）、大矮蕉（大矮蕉尖叶蕉品种）和金手指（金手指尖叶蕉品种），马邦德和卢韦勒被确定为非商业品种。香蕉采后利用包括用作功能性食品、益生元、益生菌、营养保健品，以及加工成增值产品。
