Department of Biological Sciences & Department of Science and Technology, Anti-aging Chinese Herbal Medicine Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center, Fuyang Normal University, Anhui, Fuyang, China.
Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2021 Jan 7;53(1):98. doi: 10.1007/s11250-020-02511-3.
A mineral assessment study for dairy buffaloes, Nili-Ravi breed, was carried out seasonally at silvopasture farm at Sargodha, Pakistan. Sampling for soil, forage, and buffalo serum was done seasonally for a period of 1 year for mineral (P, Mg, Na, K, Ca) evaluation. In the study, experiments on forages showed significant differences in mean concentrations of Mg and P with changing seasons, whereas the values for Ca, Mg, Na, and K did not vary significantly. Three groups of buffaloes were checked for mineral concentration in blood serum, viz., calves, lactating and non-lactating. Ca mean concentration varied significantly for non-lactating buffaloes and calves between two seasons. Na mean level showed a significant difference for two sampling seasons among calves and lactating buffaloes. Mean level for Mg only differed significantly in serum of non-lactating buffaloes between the two seasons. Mean levels for Ca and P in soil and forage remained higher than the optimal level, whereas soil Na was below the critical level. K concentrations in soil and blood serum were above the critical level, while Mg levels remained below the optimal range in soil, forage, and blood serum. K concentration in forage remained below the optimal level. All buffalo categories displayed lower levels of Ca and P in serum. Na concentration in forage and serum exceeded the critical level. Furthermore, Ca yielded significant and positive correlation between soil and serum level, whereas K had significant but negative correlation for soil-forage and forage-serum. Overall, it was determined that P deficiency existed among buffaloes, which could be improved via supplementation. Similarly, K deficiency and Mg deficiency were exhibited for forage and soil respectively which could be countered through addition of fertilizers rich for these minerals. In brief, the mineral utilization of buffaloes is affected by reduced availability of essential nutrients and may result in lower productivity. It is suggested to add mineral supplementation in addition to natural diet of buffaloes to enhance the productivity of these animals.
在巴基斯坦的萨戈达，对一个在林间草地农场饲养的尼利-拉维品种的奶牛进行了一项矿物质评估研究。该研究在一年内的不同季节对土壤、饲料和牛血清进行了采样，以评估矿物质（磷、镁、钠、钾、钙）的含量。研究中，对饲料的实验表明，镁和磷的平均浓度随着季节的变化而有显著差异，而钙、镁、钠和钾的含量没有显著差异。对血清中的矿物质浓度进行了三组水牛的检查，即犊牛、泌乳牛和非泌乳牛。非泌乳牛和犊牛在两个季节的血清钙平均浓度有显著差异。两个采样季节的犊牛和泌乳牛的血清钠平均水平有显著差异。只有非泌乳牛的血清镁平均水平在两个季节之间有显著差异。土壤和饲料中的钙和磷平均水平均高于最佳水平，而土壤中的钠水平低于临界水平。土壤和血清中的钾浓度均高于临界水平，而土壤、饲料和血清中的镁水平仍低于最佳范围。饲料中的钾浓度仍低于最佳水平。所有水牛类别血清中的钙和磷水平都较低。饲料和血清中的钠浓度超过临界水平。此外，钙与土壤和血清水平之间呈显著正相关，而钾与土壤-饲料和饲料-血清之间呈显著负相关。总体而言，水牛存在磷缺乏症，可以通过补充来改善。同样，饲料和土壤中分别存在钾缺乏症和镁缺乏症，可以通过添加富含这些矿物质的肥料来对抗。简而言之，水牛对矿物质的利用受到必需营养物质供应减少的影响，这可能导致生产力降低。建议在水牛的自然饮食之外添加矿物质补充剂，以提高这些动物的生产力。
