Sodium-gradient-driven, high-affinity, uphill transport of succinate in human placental brush-border membrane vesicles.

Brush-border membrane vesicles isolated from normal human term placentas were shown to accumulate succinate transiently against a concentration gradient, when an inward-directed Na+ gradient was imposed across the membrane. This uptake was almost totally due to transport into intravesicular space, non-specific binding to the membranes being negligible. The dependence of the initial uptake rate of succinate on Na+ concentration exhibited sigmoidal kinetics, indicating interaction of more than one Na+ ion with the carrier system. The Hill coefficient for this ion was calculated to be 2.7. The Na+-dependent uptake of succinate was electrogenic, resulting in the transfer of positive charge across the membrane. Kinetic analysis showed that succinate uptake in these vesicles occurred via a single transport system, with an apparent affinity constant of 4.8 +/- 0.2 microM and a maximal velocity of 274 +/- 4 pmol/20 s per mg of protein. Uptake of succinate was strongly inhibited by various C4 or C5 dicarboxylic acids, whereas monocarboxylic acids, amino acids and glucose showed little or no effect. Li+ and K+ could not substitute for Na+ in the uptake process. Instead, Li+ was found to have a significant inhibitory effect on the Na+-dependent uptake of succinate.