Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2021 Feb;59:101993. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.101993. Epub 2021 Jan 7.
In flowering plants, haploid gametes - an egg cell and a sperm cell fuse to form the first diploid cell - the zygote. The zygote is the progenitor stem cell that gives rise to all the embryonic and post embryonic tissues and organs. Unlike animals, both maternal and paternal gene products participate in the initial development of zygotes in plants. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding of the zygotic transition and embryo initiation in angiosperms, including the role of parental contributions to gene expression in the zygote. We further discuss utilization of this knowledge in agricultural biotechnology through synthetic apomixis. Parthenogenesis obtained by manipulation of embryogenic factors, combined with mutations that bypass meiosis, enables clonal propagation of hybrid crops through seeds.
在有花植物中，单倍体配子——卵子和精子融合形成第一个二倍体细胞——受精卵。受精卵是胚胎干细胞的前体，它产生所有的胚胎和胚胎后组织和器官。与动物不同的是，在植物中，母本和父本的基因产物都参与了受精卵的最初发育。在这里，我们讨论了近年来对被子植物中合子过渡和胚胎起始的理解的进展，包括双亲基因产物在受精卵中基因表达的作用。我们还通过合成无融合生殖进一步讨论了在农业生物技术中利用这些知识。通过操纵胚胎发生因子获得的孤雌生殖，结合绕过减数分裂的突变，使杂种作物通过种子进行克隆繁殖成为可能。
