Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Delhi 110054, India.
University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), School of Health Sciences, Energy Acres Building, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India.
CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2021;20(7):657-672. doi: 10.2174/1871527319666210108123438.
Vascular Dementia (VaD) occurs due to cerebrovascular insufficiency, which leads to decreased blood circulation to the brain, thereby resulting in mental disabilities. The main causes of Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI) are severe hypoperfusion, stroke, hypertension, large vessel disease (cortical), small Vessel Disease (subcortical VaD), strategic infarct, hemorrhage (microbleed), Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), and Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (CAA), which leads to decreased cerebrovascular perfusion. Many metabolic disorders such as Diabetes Mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, and hyperhomocysteinemia are also related to VaD. The rodent experimental models provide a better prospective for the investigation of the molecular mechanism of new drugs. A plethora of experimental models are available that mimic the pathological conditions and lead to VaD. This review article updates the current knowledge on the basis of VaD, risk factors, pathophysiology, mechanism, advantages, limitations, and the modification of various available rodent experimental models.
血管性痴呆（VaD）是由于脑血管功能不全引起的，导致大脑血液循环减少，从而导致精神障碍。血管性认知障碍（VCI）的主要原因是严重的灌注不足、中风、高血压、大血管疾病（皮质）、小血管疾病（皮质下 VaD）、战略梗死、出血（微出血）、伴有皮质下梗死和白质脑病的脑常染色体显性动脉病（CADASIL）和脑淀粉样血管病（CAA），这会导致脑血管灌注减少。许多代谢紊乱，如糖尿病（DM）、血脂异常和高同型半胱氨酸血症，也与 VaD 有关。啮齿动物实验模型为研究新药的分子机制提供了更好的前景。有大量的实验模型可以模拟病理条件并导致 VaD。本文综述了 VaD 的基础、危险因素、病理生理学、机制、优缺点以及各种现有的啮齿动物实验模型的改良等方面的最新知识。
