School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia.
School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
Res Social Adm Pharm. 2021 Sep;17(9):1614-1622. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.12.014. Epub 2020 Dec 30.
Many community pharmacies provide medication and disease state management services with and without specific remuneration. Availability of these services is often reported, however little is known about factors influencing the intensity of their provision.
To investigate factors associated with the intensity of provision of selected government remunerated and unremunerated community pharmacy services in Western Australia (WA).
A questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of 421/628 (67%) community pharmacies in WA. The first dependent variable was intensity of government remunerated MedsCheck and Diabetes MedsCheck service frequencies per month. The second was the intensity of the sum of government unremunerated asthma screening, blood glucose testing, cholesterol testing and smoking cessation disease state management service frequencies per week. Principal Component Analysis defined attitudinal components influencing service provision. Linear regression with bootstrap confidence intervals determined variables associated with intensity of provision of the selected services. The variables were: pharmacist; pharmacy setting characteristics; and, attitudinal factors.
The questionnaire yielded a response rate of 49.2%. Attitudinal components that facilitated service provision were: general practitioners (GPs) willingness to collaborate; pharmacists are capable and ready; and pharmacists require further training. Staff capability and low return on investment were barriers to increased service provision. The intensity of government remunerated services was independently associated with pharmacies having pharmacy interns, fewer dispensary technicians, and being capable and ready to provide the services. Higher intensity of the provision of the unremunerated disease state management services was independently associated with the intensity of provision of MedsCheck and Diabetes MedsCheck services.
Improved pharmacy workflow, achieved by the availability of pharmacy interns, and pharmacists being capable and ready, were important factors in the intensity of MedsCheck and Diabetes MedsCheck services. Intensity of the provision of government remunerated services facilitated a higher prevalence of disease state management services provision.
许多社区药房提供药物和疾病管理服务，无论是否有特定报酬。这些服务的可用性经常被报道，但很少有人知道影响其提供强度的因素。
调查与西澳大利亚（WA）社区药房提供特定政府付费和非付费药房服务的强度相关的因素。
向 WA 随机抽取的 421/628（67%）家社区药房邮寄了一份问卷。第一个因变量是政府付费 MedsCheck 和糖尿病 MedsCheck 服务的月均服务频率强度。第二个是政府非付费哮喘筛查、血糖检测、胆固醇检测和戒烟疾病管理服务的周均服务频率总和的强度。主成分分析确定了影响服务提供的态度因素。带有 bootstrap 置信区间的线性回归确定了与选定服务提供强度相关的变量。这些变量包括：药剂师；药房设置特征；以及态度因素。
该问卷的回复率为 49.2%。促进服务提供的态度因素包括：全科医生（GP）合作意愿；药剂师有能力且愿意；以及药剂师需要进一步培训。员工能力和低投资回报是增加服务提供的障碍。政府付费服务的强度与药房拥有实习药剂师、较少的发药技术员以及有能力和愿意提供服务独立相关。非付费疾病管理服务提供强度与 MedsCheck 和糖尿病 MedsCheck 服务提供强度独立相关。
通过实习药剂师的可用性和药剂师的能力和准备，改善药房的工作流程是 MedsCheck 和糖尿病 MedsCheck 服务强度的重要因素。政府付费服务的提供强度促进了疾病管理服务提供的普及。
