Nicholas Lauren Hersch, Done Nicolae, Baum Micah
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management.
University of Michigan Survey Research Center.
J Econ Ageing. 2020 Oct;17. doi: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2018.12.003. Epub 2018 Dec 10.
Occupational characteristics may improve or harm health later in life. Previous research, largely based on limited exposure periods, reached mixed conclusions. We use Health and Retirement Study data linked to the Department of Labor's O*Net job classification system to examine the relationship between lifetime exposure to occupational demands and disability later in life. We consistently find an association between non-routine cognitive demands and lower rates of Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) receipt and work-limiting health conditions. Routine manual demands are associated with moderately worse health and increased SSDI receipt in most lifetime specifications. These results are robust to various specifications of occupational demand measures and controlling for transitions between jobs of different levels of occupational intensity. We show that failure to account for job characteristic exposure early in a worker's tenure obscures the relationship between physical job demands and disability later in life. While characteristics of jobs worked at ages 30 and 55 are both predictive of later-life health outcomes, early-life job characteristics frequently dominate in models containing early and late exposures.
职业特征可能在晚年改善或损害健康。以往的研究大多基于有限的暴露期，得出了不一致的结论。我们使用与美国劳工部的O*Net工作分类系统相关联的健康与退休研究数据，来检验一生中职业需求暴露与晚年残疾之间的关系。我们始终发现，非常规认知需求与较低的社会保障残疾保险（SSDI）领取率以及工作受限的健康状况之间存在关联。在大多数终生情况的设定中，常规体力需求与稍差的健康状况以及更高的SSDI领取率相关。这些结果对于职业需求衡量指标的各种设定以及控制不同职业强度水平工作之间的转换而言是稳健的。我们表明，在工人任职初期未能考虑工作特征暴露会掩盖体力工作需求与晚年残疾之间的关系。虽然30岁和55岁时从事的工作特征都能预测晚年的健康结果，但在包含早期和晚期暴露的模型中，早期工作特征往往占主导地位。
