Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 8000, 6700 EA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), part of Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Toxicol In Vitro. 2021 Apr;72:105078. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105078. Epub 2021 Jan 8.
Fructoselysine is formed upon heating during processing of food products, and being a key intermediate in advanced glycation end product formation considered to be potentially hazardous to human health. Human gut microbes can degrade fructoselysine to yield the short chain fatty acid butyrate. However, quantitative information on these biochemical reactions is lacking, and interindividual differences therein are not well established. Anaerobic incubations with pooled and individual human fecal slurries were optimized and applied to derive quantitative kinetic information for these biochemical reactions. Of 16 individuals tested, 11 were fructoselysine metabolizers, with V, K and kcat-values varying up to 14.6-fold, 9.5-fold, and 4.4-fold, respectively. Following fructoselysine exposure, 10 of these 11 metabolizers produced significantly increased butyrate concentrations, varying up to 8.6-fold. Bacterial taxonomic profiling of the fecal samples revealed differential abundant taxa for these reactions (e.g. families Ruminococcaceae, Christenellaceae), and Ruminococcus_1 showed the strongest correlation with fructoselysine degradation and butyrate production (ρ ≥ 0.8). This study highlights substantial interindividual differences in gut microbial degradation of fructoselysine. The presented method allows for quantification of gut microbial degradation kinetics for foodborne xenobiotics, and interindividual differences therein, which can be used to refine prediction of internal exposure.
果糖赖氨酸是在食品加工过程中加热形成的，作为晚期糖基化终产物形成的关键中间体，被认为对人类健康有潜在危害。人类肠道微生物可以将果糖赖氨酸降解为短链脂肪酸丁酸。然而，这些生化反应的定量信息尚不清楚，个体间的差异也没有得到很好的确定。优化了 pooled 和 individual 人粪便悬浮液的厌氧孵育，并应用于这些生化反应中得出定量动力学信息。在测试的 16 个人中，有 11 个人是果糖赖氨酸代谢者，V、K 和 kcat 值的变化高达 14.6 倍、9.5 倍和 4.4 倍。在暴露于果糖赖氨酸后，其中 10 个代谢者产生的丁酸浓度显著增加，最高可达 8.6 倍。粪便样本的细菌分类分析显示这些反应的差异丰富菌群（例如，Ruminococcaceae、Christenellaceae 科），并且 Ruminococcus_1 与果糖赖氨酸降解和丁酸产生的相关性最强（ρ≥0.8）。这项研究强调了肠道微生物对果糖赖氨酸的降解存在显著的个体间差异。所提出的方法允许定量测定食物源外源性物质的肠道微生物降解动力学及其个体间差异，从而可以更准确地预测内部暴露情况。
