IRAMAT-CRP2A, UMR 5060, CNRS-Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Maison de l'Archéologie, 33607, Pessac Cedex, France.
IRAMAT-CRP2A, UMR 5060, CNRS-Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Maison de l'Archéologie, 33607, Pessac Cedex, France.
J Hum Evol. 2021 Feb;151:102926. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102926. Epub 2021 Jan 8.
Ghār-e Boof is a Paleolithic cave site in Iran well known for its rich early Upper Paleolithic Rostamian assemblages. The site is located on the edge of the Dasht-e Rostam plain in the southern Zagros. Recent excavations by the members of the Tübingen-Iranian Stone Age Research Project at Ghār-e Boof also recovered well-stratified Middle Paleolithic assemblages. Here, we provide the first detailed luminescence chronology for the Middle and Upper Paleolithic of the site. More generally, our work is the first luminescence chronology for a Middle and Upper Paleolithic site in the Zagros Mountains region in Iran. The luminescence ages for the Upper Paleolithic of Ghār-e Boof agree with published C dates. We applied Bayesian models specifically designed for luminescence dating using the R package 'BayLum' to incorporate the well-established stratigraphic constraints, as well as the published C ages with our optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages to improve the precision of the chronological framework. The Bayesian chronology shows a significantly improved precision of the OSL ages in particular for the upper part of the sequence where C ages were available. The Bayesian OSL ages for the Rostamian horizons, archaeologicalhorizon (AH) III (a-b-c), and AH IV, fall in the range of 37-42 ka (68% credible interval [CI]). Moreover, we determined a series of dates between 45 and 81 ka (68% CI) for the Middle Paleolithic strata from AH IVd to AH VI. Our results point to a demographic shift in the populations responsible for the Middle Paleolithic and the Rostamian within three millennia. This major technological change accompanied by the rise of symbolic artifacts such as personal ornaments, may or may not reflect a replacement of Neanderthals by modern humans. While we are confident that the Rostamian was made by modern humans, available information does not allow us to be sure who made the local Middle Paleolithic.
博夫洞穴遗址是伊朗一处旧石器时代遗址，以其丰富的早期上旧石器时代罗斯坦组合而闻名。该遗址位于扎格罗斯山脉南部罗斯坦平原的边缘。最近，由图宾根-伊朗旧石器时代研究项目的成员在博夫洞穴遗址进行的挖掘工作也发现了分层良好的中旧石器时代组合。在这里，我们提供了该遗址中旧石器时代中期和晚期的第一个详细的发光测年。更广泛地说，我们的工作是伊朗扎格罗斯山脉地区中旧石器时代中期和晚期遗址的第一个发光测年。博夫洞穴遗址上旧石器时代的发光年龄与已发表的碳年代测定结果一致。我们使用 R 包“BayLum”专门为发光测年设计的贝叶斯模型，结合已建立的地层约束，以及已发表的碳年代和我们的光激发发光（OSL）年龄，以提高年代框架的精度。贝叶斯年代表明，OSL 年龄的精度得到了显著提高，特别是在有碳年代的序列的上部。罗斯坦时期、考古层（AH）III（a-b-c）和 AH IV 的贝叶斯 OSL 年龄在 37-42ka（68%置信区间[CI]）范围内。此外，我们还确定了从中石器时代 AH IVd 到 AH VI 的一系列 45 到 81ka（68%CI）的年代。我们的结果表明，在三千年的时间里，负责中石器时代和罗斯坦的人群发生了人口转移。这种主要的技术变革伴随着象征物如个人饰品的出现，可能反映了尼安德特人与现代人的更替，也可能没有。虽然我们有信心罗斯坦是由现代人制作的，但现有的信息并不能让我们确定谁制作了当地的中石器时代文化。
