Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
National Environmental Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea.
J Hazard Mater. 2021 Jun 5;411:125036. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.125036. Epub 2021 Jan 6.
The temporal and spatial trends of sixteen per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and their three alternatives, chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid (F-53B), hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX), and dodecafluoro-3H-4,8-dioxanonanoate (ADONA) in whole eggs of black-tailed gulls from two South Korean islands, Baengnyeongdo (BLD) and Hongdo (HD), were investigated during 2012-2018. A total of 16 analyzed compounds were detected at concentrations of 21.3-47.8 ng/g ww in BLD and 11.2-40.0 ng/g ww in HD. Meanwhile, the mean levels of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were detected at 6.92 ± 4.72 ng/g ww and 0.674 ± 0.993 ng/g ww, respectively. In particular, F-53B, a major alternative to PFOS was detected in each year of the study period with a level of up to 6.66 ng/g ww in all egg samples. Significant increasing temporal trends were observed for PFOS, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and one alternative (F-53B) during the investigated period suggesting continuous use or accumulation of these in the Korean environment. Moreover, distinctive spatial distribution patterns such as a significantly higher F-53B level in HD and an increased PFAS (< C11) in BLD were also observed.
本研究于 2012 年至 2018 年期间调查了韩国两个岛屿（江华岛和巨济岛）的黑尾海鸥全蛋中 16 种全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）及其三种替代品（F-53B、六氟环氧丙烷二聚酸（GenX）和十二氟-3H-4,8-二氧杂壬酸（ADONA））的时空变化趋势。在江华岛（BLD）和巨济岛（HD），共检测到 16 种分析化合物，浓度范围分别为 21.3-47.8 ng/g ww 和 11.2-40.0 ng/g ww。同时，检测到全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和全氟辛酸（PFOA）的平均水平分别为 6.92±4.72 ng/g ww 和 0.674±0.993 ng/g ww。特别是，F-53B 是 PFOS 的主要替代品，在研究期间的每年都有检测到，所有鸡蛋样本中的含量高达 6.66 ng/g ww。研究期间，PFOS、全氟壬酸（PFNA）和一种替代品（F-53B）呈现出显著的时间上升趋势，表明这些物质在韩国环境中仍在持续使用或积累。此外，还观察到明显的空间分布模式，如 HD 中 F-53B 水平显著较高，BLD 中 PFAS（<C11）水平增加。
