Meloncelli Nina, Wilkinson Shelley A, de Jersey Susan
Nutrition and Dietetics, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Australia.
Centre for Clinical Research and Perinatal Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Semin Reprod Med. 2020 Nov;38(6):389-397. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1722316. Epub 2021 Jan 11.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy disorder and the incidence is increasing worldwide. GDM is associated with adverse maternal outcomes which may be reduced with proper management. Lifestyle modification in the form of medical nutrition therapy and physical activity, as well as self-monitoring of blood glucose levels, is the cornerstone of GDM management. Inevitably, the search for the "ultimate" diet prescription has been ongoing. Identifying the amount and type of carbohydrate to maintain blood glucose levels below targets while balancing the nutritional requirements of pregnancy and achieving gestational weight gain within recommendations is challenging. Recent developments in the area of the gut microbiota and its impact on glycemic response add another layer of complexity to the success of medical nutrition therapy. This review critically explores the challenges to dietary prescription for GDM and why utopia may never be found.
妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是一种常见的妊娠疾病，其发病率在全球范围内呈上升趋势。GDM与不良的孕产妇结局相关，通过适当的管理可能会降低这些结局。以医学营养治疗和体育活动形式进行的生活方式改变，以及血糖水平的自我监测，是GDM管理的基石。不可避免地，人们一直在寻找“终极”饮食处方。确定碳水化合物的量和类型，以将血糖水平维持在目标以下，同时平衡孕期的营养需求并在建议范围内实现孕期体重增加，这具有挑战性。肠道微生物群领域的最新进展及其对血糖反应的影响，给医学营养治疗的成功增加了另一层复杂性。本综述批判性地探讨了GDM饮食处方面临的挑战以及为何可能永远找不到理想方案。
