Mota Juan, Merlo Encarna, Martínez-Hernández Fabián, Mendoza-Fernández Antonio J, Pérez-García Francisco Javier, Salmerón-Sánchez Esteban
Departamento de Biología y Geología, CEI·MAR and CECOUAL, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.
Departamento de Botánica, Unidad de Conservación Vegetal, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Biology (Basel). 2021 Jan 8;10(1):38. doi: 10.3390/biology10010038.
For botanists and ecologists, the close link between some plants and substrates, such as serpentine or gypsum, is well known. However, the relationship between dolomite and its flora has been much less studied, due to various causes. Its diffuse separation from limestone and the use of a vague approach and terminology that, until now, no one has tried to harmonize are among these reasons. After carrying out an extensive review, completed with data on the distribution of plants linked to dolomite, the territories in which this type of flora appears at a global level were mapped using a geographic information system software. In addition, data on soils were collected, as well as on their influence on the ionomic profile of the flora. These data were completed with the authors' own information from previous research, which also served to assess these communities' degree of conservation and the genetic diversity of some of their characteristic species. The results showed that the so-called "dolomite phenomenon" is widely represented and is clearly manifested in the appearance of a peculiar flora, very rich in endemisms, on dry soils, poor in nutrients, and with a high Mg level. Although dolomite habitats cause adaptations in plants which are even more recognizable than those of other rock types, they have not been widely studied from an ecological, evolutionary, and conservation point of view because, so far, neither their characteristics nor their universal demarcation have been precisely defined.
对于植物学家和生态学家来说，某些植物与基质（如蛇纹石或石膏）之间的紧密联系是众所周知的。然而，由于各种原因，白云石与其植物群落之间的关系却很少被研究。这些原因包括它与石灰岩的分散分离，以及使用一种模糊的方法和术语，直到现在，还没有人试图对此进行统一。在进行了广泛的综述，并补充了与白云石相关的植物分布数据之后，使用地理信息系统软件绘制了全球范围内出现这类植物群落的区域地图。此外，还收集了土壤数据，以及它们对植物群落离子组特征的影响数据。这些数据还补充了作者先前研究中的自有信息，这些信息也用于评估这些群落的保护程度以及一些特征物种的遗传多样性。结果表明，所谓的“白云石现象”广泛存在，并且在干燥、养分贫瘠且镁含量高的土壤上出现的特有植物群落中明显体现出来，这些特有植物群落中特有种非常丰富。尽管白云石栖息地会使植物产生比其他岩石类型更明显的适应性，但从生态、进化和保护的角度来看，它们尚未得到广泛研究，因为到目前为止，它们的特征和普遍界定都尚未得到精确确定。
