Even Morgane, Wilke Olaf, Kalus Sabine, Schultes Petra, Hutzler Christoph, Luch Andreas
German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Division 4.2-Materials and Air Pollutants, Unter den Eichen 44-46, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
Materials (Basel). 2021 Jan 7;14(2):262. doi: 10.3390/ma14020262.
Formaldehyde is considered as carcinogenic and is emitted from particleboards and plywood used in toy manufacturing. Currently, the flask method is frequently used in Europe for market surveillance purposes to assess formaldehyde release from toys, but its concordance to levels measured in emission test chambers is poor. Surveillance laboratories are unable to afford laborious and expensive emission chamber testing to comply with a new amendment of the European Toy Directive; they need an alternative method that can provide reliable results. Therefore, the application of miniaturised emission test chambers was tested. Comparisons between a 1 m emission test chamber and 44 mL microchambers with two particleboards over 28 days and between a 24 L desiccator chamber and the microchambers with three puzzle samples over 10 days resulted in a correlation coefficient r of 0.834 for formaldehyde at steady state. The correlation between the results obtained in microchambers vs. flask showed a high variability over 10 samples (r: 0.145), thereby demonstrating the error-proneness of the flask method in comparison to methods carried out under ambient parameters. An exposure assessment was also performed for three toy puzzles: indoor formaldehyde concentrations caused by puzzles were not negligible (up to 8 µg/m), especially when more conservative exposure scenarios were considered.
甲醛被认为具有致癌性，且会从玩具制造中使用的刨花板和胶合板中释放出来。目前，欧洲常用于市场监管目的以评估玩具甲醛释放量的是烧瓶法，但该方法与排放测试舱中测得的水平一致性较差。监管实验室无法承担为遵守欧洲玩具指令的新修订案而进行的繁琐且昂贵的排放舱测试；他们需要一种能提供可靠结果的替代方法。因此，对小型化排放测试舱的应用进行了测试。在28天内对一个1立方米的排放测试舱和44毫升的微型舱与两块刨花板进行比较，以及在10天内对一个24升的干燥器舱和微型舱与三个拼图样本进行比较，结果表明在稳态下甲醛的相关系数r为0.834。微型舱与烧瓶的测试结果之间的相关性在10个样本中显示出很大的变异性（r：0.145），从而证明与在环境参数下进行的方法相比，烧瓶法容易出错。还对三个玩具拼图进行了暴露评估：拼图导致的室内甲醛浓度不可忽视（高达8微克/立方米），尤其是在考虑更保守的暴露场景时。
