Genetic diversity and population structure of three native cattle populations in Mozambique.

In the present work, the population diversity and structure of three populations of native Mozambican cattle were studied, to develop knowledge that is required for sound conservation and genetic improvement programs of these genetic resources. A total of 228 animals (Landim, Angone, and Tete) were genotyped using the International Dairy and Beef version three (IDBV3) SNP BeadChip array. Population parameters varied within a limited scope, with the average minor allele frequency (MAF) ranging from 0.228 ± 0.154 in the Angone to 0.245 ± 0.145 in the Tete population, while estimates of expected heterozygosities varied from 0.304 ± 0.166 in the Angone to 0.329 ± 0.148 in the Tete population. Low positive (0.065 ± 0.109) inbreeding rates were detected in the three cattle groups. Population structure and admixture analyses indicated low genetic differentiation and various degrees of admixture among the populations. The effective population size has decreased over time and at 12 generations ago ranged between 349 (Tete) and 929 (Landim). The average linkage disequilibrium (LD) of the studied populations ranged from 0.400 ± 0.213 (Tete) to 0.434 ± 0.232 (Landim). The findings of this study will be valuable for formulating management and conservation strategies for indigenous Mozambican cattle populations.