Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Paris 75005, France.
Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Paris 75005, France
Development. 2021 Jan 13;148(1):dev182741. doi: 10.1242/dev.182741.
The number of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with characterized developmental and cellular functions continues to increase, but our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying lncRNA functions, and how they are dictated by RNA sequences, remains limited. Relatively short, conserved sequence motifs embedded in lncRNA transcripts are often important determinants of lncRNA localization, stability and interactions. Identifying such RNA motifs remains challenging due to the substantial length of lncRNA transcripts and the rapid evolutionary turnover of lncRNA sequences. Nevertheless, the recent discovery of specific RNA elements, together with their experimental interrogation, has enabled the first step in classifying heterogeneous lncRNAs into sub-groups with similar molecular mechanisms and functions. In this Review, we focus on lncRNAs with roles in development, cell differentiation and normal physiology in vertebrates, and we discuss the sequence elements defining their functions. We also summarize progress on the discovery of regulatory RNA sequence elements, as well as their molecular functions and interaction partners.
具有明确发育和细胞功能的长非编码 RNA（lncRNA）数量不断增加，但我们对 lncRNA 功能的分子机制以及它们如何受 RNA 序列控制的理解仍然有限。lncRNA 转录本中嵌入的相对较短、保守的序列基序通常是 lncRNA 定位、稳定性和相互作用的重要决定因素。由于 lncRNA 转录本的长度很大，以及 lncRNA 序列的快速进化更替，因此识别此类 RNA 基序仍然具有挑战性。然而，最近发现的特定 RNA 元件及其实验研究，已经能够将具有不同分子机制和功能的异质 lncRNA 分类为亚组。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了在脊椎动物发育、细胞分化和正常生理中起作用的 lncRNA，并讨论了定义其功能的序列元件。我们还总结了发现调控 RNA 序列元件及其分子功能和相互作用伙伴的进展。
