Brack Robbie, Amalu Emeka H
Department of Engineering, School of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, UK.
J Orthop. 2020 Dec 25;23:88-96. doi: 10.1016/j.jor.2020.12.009. eCollection 2021 Jan-Feb.
Hand amputation significantly challenges one's independence in carrying out daily activities. With the UK and Italy recoding circa 5200 and 3500 upper limb (UL) amputations (ULAs) yearly, respectively, and about 541,000 Americans losing ULs in 2005, incidence victims constitute a considerable proportion of our population and should be adequately supported. The use of upper limb prosthesis (ULP) offers amputees a new opportunity of living a quality life - but poses challenges on the physically and psychologically traumatised. With reports that up to 20% of adult UL amputees choose not to use a prosthesis, roughly 26% of adults and 45% of children and adolescents are dissatisfied with their devices and abandon them with reasons of poor solution to basic needs, a review of ULP for suitability has become crucial.
These include, to review UL prosthetic technology (PT), the materials used in the manufacturing of ULP, challenges in research and development of ULP, and to advise on the suitability of different devices to the needs of amputees.
They involve an extensive review of relevant literature and application of statistics to analyse data obtained from literature.
ULAs are characterised to show affected bones in seven types of amputations. The characterisation depicts key causes of incidences that lead to amputations while advising on device suitability. PT is classified in terms of cost, nature, functions/operations of each type of device while providing the design challenges. Users' opinions on PT materials are analysed and used to suggest new materials for the next generation of the devices. R&D challenges hindering future developments of PT is reviewed and results used to identify characteristics for the next generation of the technology.
To increase user satisfaction and reduce device abandonment, amputees need useful information on the trend in PT and engineers need information about device field performance for improvements. The use of better performing ULP will improve users' everyday lives.
手部截肢对一个人开展日常活动的独立性构成了重大挑战。在英国和意大利，每年分别约有5200例和3500例上肢截肢手术，2005年约有54.1万美国人失去上肢，截肢受害者在我们的人口中占相当大的比例，应得到充分支持。使用上肢假肢为截肢者提供了过上优质生活的新机会——但对身体和心理受过创伤的人来说也带来了挑战。据报道，高达20%的成年上肢截肢者选择不使用假肢，约26%的成年人以及45%的儿童和青少年对他们的假肢不满意并因其无法很好地满足基本需求而弃用，因此对上肢假肢的适用性进行审查变得至关重要。
这些目标包括，审查上肢假肢技术、上肢假肢制造中使用的材料、上肢假肢研发中的挑战，并就不同设备对截肢者需求的适用性提供建议。
包括对相关文献进行广泛审查，并应用统计学方法分析从文献中获得的数据。
上肢截肢有七种类型，其特征是显示受影响的骨骼。该特征描述了导致截肢的主要发病原因，同时就设备适用性提供建议。上肢假肢技术根据每种设备的成本、性质、功能/操作进行分类，同时提出设计挑战。分析了用户对假肢材料的意见，并用于为下一代设备推荐新材料。审查了阻碍假肢技术未来发展的研发挑战，并将结果用于确定下一代技术的特征。
为了提高用户满意度并减少设备弃用情况，截肢者需要有关假肢技术趋势的确切信息，而工程师需要有关设备现场性能的信息以进行改进。使用性能更好的上肢假肢将改善用户的日常生活。
