From the Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea (YJC); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada (MB-R); and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea (MCC).
Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2021 Feb 1;100(2):181-188. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000001558.
Detailed knowledge of the brain anatomy is important for the treatment of patients with brain disorders. In this study, we conducted a review of essential parts of human brain anatomy based on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Using T2-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging, we explained how to recognize several structures in each brain lobe (the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes). We depicted the boundary of each structure on brain magnetic resonance imaging and described their functions. The limbic system controls various functions such as emotion, motivation, behavior, memory, and olfaction. Broca's and Wernicke's areas and arcuate fasciculus are important structures for human language functions. Emotion, memory, and language function are one of the main functions of human. Therefore, the anatomical knowledge of the limbic system and language-related structures is important for physiatrists. We described the anatomical location and function of each substructure of the limbic system and language centers. In addition, we indicated the exact points of motor- and sensory-related neural tracts (corticospinal tract, corticoreticular pathway, medial lemniscus, and spinothalamic tract) on brain magnetic resonance imaging. We believe that our review on brain anatomy would be helpful for physiatrists to accurately identify the damage of each function from brain disorders and elucidate proper plan for rehabilitative treatment.
详细的大脑解剖知识对于治疗大脑疾病的患者非常重要。在这项研究中，我们基于脑磁共振成像对人类大脑解剖的基本部分进行了综述。我们使用 T2 加权脑磁共振成像，解释了如何识别每个脑叶（额叶、顶叶、颞叶和枕叶）中的几个结构。我们在脑磁共振成像上描绘了每个结构的边界，并描述了它们的功能。边缘系统控制着情绪、动机、行为、记忆和嗅觉等各种功能。Broca 区和 Wernicke 区以及弓状束是人类语言功能的重要结构。情绪、记忆和语言功能是人类的主要功能之一。因此，边缘系统和语言相关结构的解剖知识对物理治疗师非常重要。我们描述了边缘系统和语言中枢的每个亚结构的解剖位置和功能。此外，我们还在脑磁共振成像上指出了与运动和感觉相关的神经束（皮质脊髓束、皮质网状通路、内侧丘系和脊髓丘脑束）的确切部位。我们相信，我们对大脑解剖的综述将有助于物理治疗师准确识别出大脑疾病对每种功能的损害，并阐明康复治疗的适当计划。
