Department of Internal Medicine, Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria.
Infectious Disease Hospital, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria.
PLoS One. 2021 Jan 14;16(1):e0245176. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245176. eCollection 2021.
A pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged and affected most of the world in early 2020. To inform effective public health measures we conducted a knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) survey among a Hausa Muslim society in Nigeria in March 2020.
The study is an analytic cross-sectional survey with questionnaires administered to the general population including Health Care Workers (HCW) in Kano, Nigeria. Participants were recruited by convenience sampling following informed consent. The percentage of KAP scores were categorized as good and poor. Independent predictors of good knowledge of COVID 19 were ascertained using a binary logistic regression model.
The questionnaire was administered among urban 32.8%, peri-urban dwellers 32.4%, and to online participants 34.8%. The peri-urban and urban participants were given paper questionnaires. There were 886 study participants with mean age 28.58yrs [SD:10.25] (Interquartile range [IQR]:22yrs-32yrs), males 55.4% with 57.3% having had or were in tertiary education. Most participants were students 40% and civil servants 20%. The overall mean [standard deviation (SD)] for knowledge, attitude and practice scores expressed in percentage was 65.38%[SD15.90], 71.45% [SD14.10], and 65.04% [SD17.02] respectively. Out of the respondents, 270(30.47%) had good knowledge (GK), 158(17.8%) had good attitude (GA), and 230(25.96%) had good practice (GP) using cut-off scores of 75%, 86.5%, and 75% respectively. Over 48% did not agree COVID-19 originated from animals while 60% perceived the pandemic to be due to God's punishment. Also, 36% thought it was a man-made virus. When rating fear, most respondents [63.5%] had marked fear i.e. ≥ 7 out of 10 and 56% admitted to modifying their habits recently in fear of contracting the virus. As regards attitude to religious norms, 77.77% agreed on cancellation of the lesser pilgrimage as a measure to curb the spread of the disease while 23.64% admitted that greater pilgrimage (Hajj) should proceed despite the persistence of the ongoing pandemic. About 50% of the respondents insisted on attending Friday congregational prayers despite social distancing. One in four people still harbored stigma towards a person who has recovered from the virus. 28% felt some races are more at risk of the disease though 66% mentioned always practicing social distancing from persons coughing or sneezing. Almost 70% of respondents said they were willing to accept a vaccine with 39% saying they would be willing to pay for it if not publicly funded. In univariate analysis increasing age and having been ever married were associated with GK while tertiary education was associated with GA [Odds Ratio; 95% Confidence Interval] 2.66(1.79-3.95). Independent positive predictors of GK were those who were or had ever been married, those who had marked fear of COVID-19, and had modified their habits in the last three months. Those who had non-tertiary education and had the questionnaire administered as paper rather than online version had GK but age was not a predictor.
Knowledge of transmission and preventive measures should be improved in the general population cognizant of cultural norms and Islamic practices. The study highlights the importance of considering belief systems and perception in developing control measures against COVID-19.
2020 年初，一种名为 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的大流行病爆发并影响了世界大部分地区。为了提供有效的公共卫生措施，我们在 2020 年 3 月对尼日利亚的一个豪萨穆斯林社会进行了一项知识、态度和实践（KAP）调查。
这项研究是一项分析性的横断面调查，向尼日利亚卡诺的普通人群（包括卫生保健工作者）发放问卷。参与者通过知情同意后采用便利抽样法招募。将 KAP 评分的百分比分为良好和差。使用二元逻辑回归模型确定 COVID-19 知识良好的独立预测因素。
问卷在城市居民中进行了 32.8%，在城市周边居民中进行了 32.4%，在在线参与者中进行了 34.8%。给城市周边和城市居民发放了纸质问卷。共有 886 名研究参与者，平均年龄为 28.58 岁[标准差（SD）：10.25]（四分位距[IQR]：22 岁至 32 岁），男性占 55.4%，其中 57.3%接受过或正在接受高等教育。大多数参与者是学生（40%）和公务员（20%）。知识、态度和实践评分的总体平均值[标准偏差（SD）]以百分比表示，分别为 65.38%[SD15.90]、71.45%[SD14.10]和 65.04%[SD17.02]。在回答者中，270 人（30.47%）具有良好的知识（GK），158 人（17.8%）具有良好的态度（GA），230 人（25.96%）具有良好的实践（GP），使用的截止分数分别为 75%、86.5%和 75%。超过 48%的人不同意 COVID-19 起源于动物，而 60%的人认为大流行是由于上帝的惩罚。此外，36%的人认为这是一种人为制造的病毒。在对恐惧进行评分时，大多数受访者[63.5%]表示有明显的恐惧，即≥7 分中的 10 分，而 56%的人承认最近因害怕感染病毒而改变了自己的习惯。至于对宗教规范的态度，77.77%的人同意取消小朝圣以遏制疾病传播，而 23.64%的人承认大朝圣（朝觐）应该继续进行，尽管正在发生持续的大流行。大约 50%的受访者坚持要参加星期五的集体祈祷，尽管要保持社交距离。四分之一的人仍然对从病毒中康复的人怀有偏见。28%的人认为某些种族更容易患这种疾病，尽管 66%的人提到总是与咳嗽或打喷嚏的人保持社交距离。近 70%的受访者表示愿意接受疫苗，如果不公开资助，39%的人表示愿意付费。在单变量分析中，年龄较大和已婚与 GK 相关，而高等教育与 GA 相关[优势比；95%置信区间]2.66（1.79-3.95）。GK 的独立积极预测因素是已婚或曾经已婚的人、对 COVID-19 有明显恐惧的人以及在过去三个月中改变了习惯的人。那些没有接受过高等教育并且以纸质而非在线版本接受问卷的人有 GK，但年龄不是预测因素。
应提高普通人群对传播和预防措施的认识，同时要注意文化规范和伊斯兰教习俗。该研究强调了在制定针对 COVID-19 的控制措施时，考虑信仰体系和观念的重要性。
