Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland.
Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
Acta Biomater. 2021 Mar 15;123:31-50. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.01.003. Epub 2021 Jan 12.
Osteoarthritis (OA), is a common musculoskeletal disorder that will progressively increase in older populations and is expected to be the most dominant cause of disability in the world population by 2030. The progression of OA is controlled by a multi-factorial pathway that has not been completely elucidated and understood yet. However, over the years, research efforts have provided a significant understanding of some of the processes contributing to the progression of OA. Both cartilage and bone degradation processes induce articular cells to produce inflammatory mediators that produce proinflammatory cytokines that block the synthesis of collagen type II and aggrecan, the major components of cartilage. Systemic administration and intraarticular injection of anti-inflammatory agents are the first-line treatments of OA. However, small anti-inflammatory molecules are rapidly cleared from the joint cavity which limits their therapeutic efficacy. To palliate this strong technological drawback, different types of polymeric materials such as microparticles, nanoparticles, and hydrogels, have been examined as drug carriers for the delivery of therapeutic agents to articular joints. The main purpose of this review is to provide a summary of recent developments in natural and synthetic polymeric drug delivery systems for the delivery of anti-inflammatory agents to arthritic joints. Furthermore, this review provides an overview of the design rules that have been proposed so far for the development of drug carriers used in OA therapy. Overall it is difficult to state clearly which polymeric platform is the most efficient one because many advantages and disadvantages could be pointed to both natural and synthetic formulations. That requires further research in the near future.
骨关节炎（OA）是一种常见的肌肉骨骼疾病，在老年人群中会逐渐增多，预计到 2030 年将成为全球人口中最主要的致残原因。OA 的进展受多因素途径控制，目前尚未完全阐明和理解。然而，多年来，研究工作为一些导致 OA 进展的过程提供了重要的认识。软骨和骨降解过程都会促使关节细胞产生炎症介质，产生促炎细胞因子，抑制 II 型胶原和聚集蛋白聚糖的合成，这是软骨的主要成分。全身性和关节内注射抗炎剂是 OA 的一线治疗方法。然而，小的抗炎分子会从关节腔中迅速清除，从而限制了它们的治疗效果。为了缓解这一强烈的技术缺陷，已经研究了各种类型的聚合物材料，如微球、纳米颗粒和水凝胶，作为药物载体，将治疗剂递送到关节。本综述的主要目的是总结最近在用于向关节炎关节递送抗炎剂的天然和合成聚合物药物递送系统方面的进展。此外，本综述还概述了迄今为止为 OA 治疗开发药物载体提出的设计规则。总体而言，很难明确指出哪种聚合物平台是最有效的，因为天然和合成制剂都有许多优点和缺点。这需要在不久的将来进行进一步的研究。
