Gibo H, Kobayashi S, Kyoshima K, Hokama M
Department of Neurosurgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1988;90(1-2):60-6. doi: 10.1007/BF01541268.
The microsurgical anatomy of the arteries of the pituitary stalk and gland as viewed from above was studied in 50 adult cadaveric hemispheres using the operating microscope. There were three types of vessels to the pituitary from above: the superior hypophyseal artery originating from the internal carotid artery, the infundibular artery from the posterior communicating artery, and the prechiasmal artery from the ophthalmic artery. The superior hypophyseal artery originated from the medial to posterior aspect of the internal carotid artery. The average number of vessels of the superior hypophyseal artery was 2.2 per hemisphere, and the diameter was 0.25 mm on average. The majority (76%) of superior hypophyseal arteries arose from the proximal half of the segment between the origins of the ophthalmic and posterior communicating arteries of the internal carotid artery. The infundibular artery originated mainly from the medial side (69%) of the posterior communicating artery. Its diameter was 0.22 mm, and number 0.23 per hemisphere. The number of prechiasmal arteries was 0.06 per hemisphere. As a result, there were on average 2.5 vessels per hemisphere, totally 5 per brain, with the average diameter 0.25 mm, supplying the pituitary stalk and gland from above. The clinical application of these anatomical data to the diagnosis and treatment of suprasellar tumours and carotid-ophthalmic aneurysms is discussed.
使用手术显微镜，在50个成人尸体半脑中研究了从上方观察到的垂体柄和垂体动脉的显微外科解剖结构。从上方至垂体有三种类型的血管：起源于颈内动脉的垂体上动脉、起源于后交通动脉的漏斗动脉以及起源于眼动脉的视交叉前动脉。垂体上动脉起源于颈内动脉的内侧至后侧。垂体上动脉的血管平均数量为每半脑2.2支，平均直径为0.25毫米。大多数（76%）垂体上动脉起源于颈内动脉眼动脉和后交通动脉起始段之间的近端一半。漏斗动脉主要起源于后交通动脉的内侧（69%）。其直径为0.22毫米，每半脑数量为0.23支。视交叉前动脉每半脑数量为0.06支。因此，每半脑平均有2.5支血管，每脑共有5支，平均直径0.25毫米，从上方供应垂体柄和垂体。讨论了这些解剖学数据在鞍上肿瘤和颈眼动脉瘤诊断与治疗中的临床应用。
