Mohammed Mahmud, Mekonen Yohannes, Berhe Hermon
Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Orotta College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Asmara, Eritrea.
Barentu Referral Hospital, Barentu, Eritrea.
Pediatric Health Med Ther. 2021 Jan 8;12:13-21. doi: 10.2147/PHMT.S288154. eCollection 2021.
Pediatric burn injuries result in severe and long-term complications in the developing world, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Accurate data on burn injuries are either unavailable or incomplete in Eritrea.
The objective of this study was to define the clinical characteristics of pediatric burn injuries in the Burn Care Unit of Halibet hospital in 2018 in Asmara, Eritrea.
The study design was a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study. The medical records of pediatric patients aged 15 years and below admitted to the Burn Care Unit of Halibet hospital between January 2018 and December 2018 were assessed.
In the study period, 524 children with burn injuries were admitted to the Unit. The mean age of the study group was 4.2±3.7 years. Nearly 75% of the patients were in the age group 1-5 years. In 95.3% of the patients, scalds were the most common type of burn with burn injury occurring mostly indoor in 98.1% of cases. The average length of hospital stay was 4.6±8.4 days with a median of 1 day. In 94.8% of the patients, the body surface area involved was 1-10%, and the most body part involved was the extremity in 80.7% of the cases. Patients with body surface involvement >10% and who came from rural areas stayed longer in hospital and those with scald burns have a shorter hospital stay. Patients with body surface area involvement >10% and who came from rural areas also have more complications.
The most affected age group were 1-5 years old children with scalds being the most common type of burns with injury occurring mostly indoors in this population. Teaching parents about household safety, seeking early medical attention, and raising public awareness could decrease the incidence of burn injury in children.
在发展中世界，尤其是撒哈拉以南非洲地区，小儿烧伤会导致严重的长期并发症。厄立特里亚缺乏关于烧伤的准确数据，或数据不完整。
本研究的目的是确定2018年厄立特里亚阿斯马拉哈利贝特医院烧伤护理病房中小儿烧伤的临床特征。
本研究设计为回顾性横断面描述性研究。对2018年1月至2018年12月期间入住哈利贝特医院烧伤护理病房的15岁及以下小儿患者的病历进行评估。
在研究期间，该病房共收治了524例烧伤儿童。研究组的平均年龄为4.2±3.7岁。近75%的患者年龄在1至5岁之间。95.3%的患者中，烫伤是最常见的烧伤类型，98.1%的病例烧伤主要发生在室内。平均住院时间为4.6±8.4天，中位数为1天。94.8%的患者烧伤面积为1%至10%，80.7%的病例中最常受累的身体部位是四肢。烧伤面积>10%且来自农村地区的患者住院时间更长，而烫伤患者住院时间较短。烧伤面积>10%且来自农村地区的患者并发症也更多。
受影响最大的年龄组是1至5岁的儿童，烫伤是最常见的烧伤类型，该人群的烧伤主要发生在室内。教导家长注意家庭安全、尽早寻求医疗护理以及提高公众意识可降低儿童烧伤的发生率。
