Departamento de Ecologia, Applied Ecology and Conservation Lab, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.
Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK.
Am J Primatol. 2020 Sep;82(9):e23179. doi: 10.1002/ajp.23179. Epub 2020 Jul 24.
Organismal distributions in human-modified landscapes largely depend on the capacity of any given species to adapt to changes in habitat structure and quality. The golden-headed lion tamarin (GHLT; Leontopithecus chrysomelas) is an Endangered primate from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest whose remaining populations occupy heterogeneous landscapes consisting primarily of shade cacao (Theobroma cacao) agroforestry, locally known as cabrucas. This cash crop can coexist with high densities of native tree species and holds a significant proportion of the native fauna, but its widely extolled wildlife-friendly status is increasingly threatened by management intensification. Although this potentially threatens to reduce the distribution of GHLTs, the main determinants of tamarin's occupancy of cabrucas remain unknown, thereby limiting our ability to design and implement appropriate conservation practices. We surveyed 16 cabruca patches in southern Bahia, Brazil, and used occupancy modeling to identify the best predictors of GHLT patch occupancy. Key explanatory variables included vegetation structure, critical resources, landscape context, human disturbance, and predation pressure. We found a negative relationship between GHLT occupancy and the prevalence of jackfruit trees (Artocarpus heterophylus), which is likely associated with the low representation of other key food species for GHLTs. Conversely, cabrucas retaining large-diameter canopy trees have a higher probability of GHLT occupancy, likely because these trees provide preferred sleeping sites. Thus, key large tree resources (food and shelter) are currently the main drivers of GHLT occupancy within cabruca agroecosystems. Since both factors can be directly affected by crop management practices, intensification of cabrucas may induce significant habitat impacts on GHLT populations over much of their remaining range-wide distribution.
生物体在人为改造景观中的分布在很大程度上取决于特定物种适应栖息地结构和质量变化的能力。金头狮狨（GHLT；Leontopithecus chrysomelas）是一种来自巴西大西洋森林的濒危灵长类动物，其剩余种群栖息在以遮荫可可（Theobroma cacao）农林复合系统为主的异质景观中，在当地被称为 cabrucas。这种经济作物可以与高密度的本地树种共存，并拥有大量的本地动物群，但它备受赞誉的对野生动物友好的地位正日益受到管理强化的威胁。尽管这可能会减少 GHLT 的分布，但导致狮狨占据 cabrucas 的主要决定因素仍不清楚，从而限制了我们设计和实施适当保护措施的能力。我们调查了巴西巴伊亚州南部的 16 个 cabruca 斑块，并使用占有模型来确定 GHLT 斑块占有情况的最佳预测因子。关键解释变量包括植被结构、关键资源、景观背景、人类干扰和捕食压力。我们发现 GHLT 占有与菠萝蜜树（Artocarpus heterophyllus）的流行率呈负相关，这可能与 GHLT 其他关键食物物种的低代表性有关。相反，保留大直径树冠树的 cabrucas 更有可能被 GHLT 占据，这可能是因为这些树提供了首选的睡眠地点。因此，关键的大树资源（食物和庇护所）是目前 cabruca 农业生态系统中 GHLT 占有情况的主要驱动因素。由于这两个因素都可以直接受到作物管理实践的影响，因此 cabrucas 的强化可能会在其剩余的广泛分布范围内对 GHLT 种群产生重大的栖息地影响。
