School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China.
School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China.
Neuropsychologia. 2021 Feb 12;152:107752. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107752. Epub 2021 Jan 13.
This study aimed to explore the neural activity associated with the Working Memory (WM) Stroop effect. Stroop facilitation and interference effects in WM were also investigated by adding a neutral condition to the WM Stroop paradigm. In each trial, participants were first asked to remember a word in WM, then respond to the color of the subsequent rectangle. The word meaning and rectangular color were congruent, incongruent, or irrelevant (neutral). Finally, a probe word appeared and participants judged whether it was the same as the first presented word. For the color decision task, behavioral results showed that 1) RTs were longer for the incongruent than congruent condition, indicating a WM Stroop effect; 2) RTs were shorter for the congruent than neutral condition, indicating a WM Stroop facilitation effect; and 3) RTs were shorter for the incongruent than neutral condition, indicating no Stroop interference effect in WM. ERPs locked to the rectangle revealed that 1) greater N2 and P3 activity was evoked for the incongruent than congruent condition, indicating more intensive conflict detection and conflict resolution processes for the incongruent condition; and 2) enhanced N2 but decreased P3 components were evoked for the neutral than the congruent and incongruent conditions, indicating a more intensive conflict monitoring process but decreased conflict resolution process for the neutral condition. These results demonstrate that when WM content is congruent with the attention task, it can facilitate attention, but WM content may not interfere with attention when they are incongruent.
本研究旨在探讨与工作记忆（WM）Stroop 效应相关的神经活动。通过在 WM Stroop 范式中添加中性条件，也研究了 WM 中的 Stroop 促进和干扰效应。在每次试验中，首先要求参与者在 WM 中记住一个单词，然后对随后矩形的颜色做出反应。单词的含义和矩形的颜色一致、不一致或不相关（中性）。最后，一个探针词出现，参与者判断它是否与第一个呈现的单词相同。对于颜色判断任务，行为结果表明：1）不一致条件下的 RT 比一致条件下的 RT 更长，表明存在 WM Stroop 效应；2）一致条件下的 RT 比中性条件下的 RT 更短，表明存在 WM Stroop 促进效应；3）不一致条件下的 RT 比中性条件下的 RT 更短，表明在 WM 中不存在 Stroop 干扰效应。与矩形锁定的 ERPs 显示：1）不一致条件下比一致条件下引起更大的 N2 和 P3 活动，表明不一致条件下的冲突检测和冲突解决过程更为激烈；2）与一致条件和不一致条件相比，中性条件下引起的 N2 增强但 P3 成分减少，表明中性条件下的冲突监测过程更为激烈，但冲突解决过程减少。这些结果表明，当 WM 内容与注意任务一致时，它可以促进注意力，但当 WM 内容不一致时，它可能不会干扰注意力。
