School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Key Lab Pollution Control & Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Cluster, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environment Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
Chemosphere. 2021 May;271:129551. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129551. Epub 2021 Jan 4.
As a synthetic estrogen, 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) has been known to show the strong estrogenic potency. This work critically reviewed the occurrence and removal of EE2 in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Based on the on-site investigations from 282 municipal WWTPs across 29 countries, the concentrations of EE2 in influent and effluent ranged from n.d-7890 and n.d-549 ng/L, with respective average concentrations of 78.4 and 12.3 ng/L. The average effluent concentration of EE2 was more than 61 times higher than the reported lowest-observed-effect concentration, indicating an urgent need for removing EE2 in WWTPs. The calculated removal efficiencies of EE2 in different wastewater treatment processes varied from -100%-100%. Averagely, 47.5% of EE2 was removed in the primary treatment process, 55.3% by biological filter treatment, 59.4% by lagoon and 71.5% by activated sludge process. The observed removal of EE2 in municipal WWTP could be mainly attributed to adsorption and biodegradation, which could be predicted according to its solid-water distribution coefficients and biodegradation rate constants. However, it should be noted that the predicted removal of EE2 was found to deviate from the in-plant observation, likely attributing to the existence of EE2 conjugates in raw municipal wastewater. Therefore, the effect of EE2 conjugates on the EE2 removal in WWTPs should be taken into account in future.
作为一种合成雌激素，17α-乙炔基雌二醇（EE2）已被证明具有很强的雌激素活性。本工作批判性地回顾了 EE2 在城市污水处理厂（WWTPs）中的出现和去除情况。基于对 29 个国家的 282 个城市 WWTP 的现场调查，EE2 在进水和出水中的浓度范围为 n.d-7890 和 n.d-549ng/L，相应的平均浓度分别为 78.4 和 12.3ng/L。EE2 的平均出水中浓度比报告的最低观察到效应浓度高出 61 倍以上，表明 WWTP 中迫切需要去除 EE2。不同污水处理工艺中 EE2 的计算去除效率从-100%到 100%不等。平均而言，47.5%的 EE2 在初级处理过程中被去除，55.3%通过生物过滤处理，59.4%通过泻湖处理，71.5%通过活性污泥处理。在城市 WWTP 中观察到的 EE2 去除主要归因于吸附和生物降解，这可以根据其固-水分配系数和生物降解速率常数来预测。然而，应当指出，预测的 EE2 去除与工厂内观察到的情况不符，这可能归因于原城市废水中 EE2 缀合物的存在。因此，在未来的研究中，应考虑 EE2 缀合物对 WWTP 中 EE2 去除的影响。
