Are southern African solitary mole-rats homeothermic or heterothermic under natural field conditions?

Abandoning of a stable body temperature (T), a phenomenon known as heterothermy, is an adaptation to cope mainly with a lack of food and water, especially in species inhabiting daily or seasonally variable environments. There is increasing evidence that African mammals avoid adverse conditions by heterothermy and eventually by entering torpor. Members of subterranean rodent family, the African mole-rats (Bathyergidae), are suitable candidates to study both phenomena, because of the diversity of their strategies in respect of maintaining stable T ranging from homeothermic species to a mammal with the most labile T, the naked mole-rat. Currently, there are field data on daily and seasonal T in one social species only and such information are lacking for any solitary mole-rat. In our study, we recorded yearly T in two solitary bathyergids, the Cape mole-rat Georychus capensis and the Cape dune mole-rat Bathyergus suillus from South Africa using intraperitoneally implanted dataloggers. Since this region is characterised by changing ecological characteristics, we expected either decreases of T within 24 h indicating daily torpor and/or longer-term decreases of T, which would indicate multiday torpor. Although we found seasonally phase shifted low amplitude daily T cycles, we did not find any remarkable and regular daily and/or seasonal T deviations, likely showing an absence of torpor in both species. Due to absence of this energy saving mechanism, we may speculate that both species could be vulnerable to ongoing global climatic change.