An Le, Hong Bo, Cui Xue, Geng Yubo, Ma Xiaoyan
College of Landscape Architecture & Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
College of Landscape Architecture & Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 May 10;768:144464. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144464. Epub 2021 Jan 6.
Due to limits to standard methods for surveying outdoor thermal comfort (OTC), it is difficult to compare thermal benchmarks and thermal index calibrations among studies and climatic regions. Using uniform standard meteorological measurements and questionnaire surveys, our study conducted an OTC study in urban parks in Beijing, Xi'an and Hami; representative of cities in China's cold regions. The Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) was used as the thermal comfort index, and differences in residents' thermal perceptions and outdoor thermal benchmarks among these cities were compared. Results showed that: 1) air temperature (T) and globe temperature (T) were two primary factors affecting residents' thermal sensations in the three cities during winter. Residents' thermal sensation in Beijing and Hami was negatively correlated with wind speed (V). Residents in Xi'an and Hami preferred a higher relative humidity (RH). Residents in Beijing and Hami preferred a lower V to improve OTC related to local climatic characteristics. 2) Xi'an residents had the highest neutral UTCI (NUTCI) (17.3 °C), followed by Beijing (17.0 °C) and Hami (6.4 °C). Xi'an residents had slightly wider neutral UTCI range (NUTCIR) (7.9-26.7 °C) compared to Beijing (8.7-25.4 °C), while Hami residents had the narrowest NUTCIR (1.5-11.3 °C). The "no thermal stress" range in the three cities was 6.1-26.0 °C in Beijing, 6.7-25.5 °C in Xi'an, and -2.2-12.2 °C in Hami. 3) Calibrated thermal indices, based on the ASHRAE 7-point scale, were gained to judge the thermal qualities of an environment for all three cities.
由于室外热舒适性（OTC）测量标准方法存在局限性，因此难以在不同研究和气候区域之间比较热基准和热指标校准。本研究采用统一的标准气象测量和问卷调查方法，在中国寒冷地区具有代表性的北京、西安和哈密的城市公园中开展了OTC研究。采用通用热气候指数（UTCI）作为热舒适指数，比较了这些城市居民的热感知和室外热基准差异。结果表明：1）冬季，气温（T）和黑球温度（T）是影响这三个城市居民热感觉的两个主要因素。北京和哈密居民的热感觉与风速（V）呈负相关。西安和哈密的居民更喜欢较高的相对湿度（RH）。北京和哈密的居民更喜欢较低的风速，以改善与当地气候特征相关的室外热舒适性。2）西安居民的中性UTCI（NUTCI）最高（17.3℃），其次是北京（17.0℃）和哈密（6.4℃）。与北京（8.7 - 25.4℃）相比，西安居民的中性UTCI范围（NUTCIR）略宽（7.9 - 26.7℃），而哈密居民的NUTCIR最窄（从1.5℃到11.3℃）。北京三个城市的“无热应力”范围为6.1 - 26.0℃，西安为6.7 - 高温范围为25.5℃，哈密为-2.2 - 12.2℃。3）基于美国采暖、制冷与空调工程师协会（ASHRAE）7级量表获得了校准热指标，以判断所有三个城市环境的热质量。
