Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Utah State University, Logan, UT.
J Anim Sci. 2021 Jan 1;99(1). doi: 10.1093/jas/skab009.
Plant extracts have been widely used in animal production systems due to the benefits promoted by their bioactive components, mainly through their antioxidant effects and positive effects on animal growth, health, and meat quality. We determined whether bioactive compounds (BC) from grape (Vitis vinifera), olive (Olea europaea), and pomegranate (Punica granatum) have beneficial effects on lamb growth while controlling gastrointestinal parasitism and reducing skeletal lipid peroxidation in muscle. Fourteen lambs (4 to 5 mo of age) were housed in individual pens and assigned to two treatment groups (seven animals/group), where they received: 1) a basal diet of beet pulp:soybean meal (90:10) (CONTROL) and 2) the same diet, but containing 0.3% of BC extracted from grape, olive, and pomegranate (BNP). After 21 d of consuming their respective rations (period 1), all lambs were dosed with 10,000 L3 stage larvae of Haemonchus contortus. Intake, production, and physiological parameters were determined before infection (period 1), after oral dosage with L3 (period 2), and during early (period 3) and later (period 4) developmental stages of infection. Groups of animals did not differ in their ration intake or average daily gain, either before or after the infection, or in their parasitic burdens estimated through fecal egg counts (P > 0.05). Lambs under BNP showed greater feed efficiency before infection (P < 0.001), but the pattern reversed after infection. In addition, the inclusion of plant bioactives to the diet did not have an effect (P > 0.05) on blood or lipid peroxidation in muscle or on hemogram, serum concentration of haptoglobin, and immunoglobulin E. These results could be explained by low dietary doses and constrained absorption or ruminal inactivation of these compounds. Changes in feed efficiencies suggest a negative interaction between BC in the diet and parasitism, which warrants further research.
由于生物活性成分的益处，植物提取物已被广泛应用于动物生产系统，主要通过其抗氧化作用以及对动物生长、健康和肉质的积极影响。我们确定了葡萄（Vitis vinifera）、橄榄（Olea europaea）和石榴（Punica granatum）中的生物活性化合物（BC）是否对羔羊的生长有益，同时控制胃肠道寄生虫感染并减少肌肉中的骨骼脂质过氧化。14 只羔羊（4 至 5 月龄）被安置在单独的围栏中，并分为两组（每组 7 只动物），分别接受以下处理：1）基础饲粮为甜菜浆：豆粕（90:10）（对照）和 2）相同的饲粮，但含有 0.3%的葡萄、橄榄和石榴中提取的 BC（BNP）。在各自的日粮中进食 21 天后（第 1 期），所有羔羊均用 10,000 条 L3 期幼虫感染捻转血矛线虫。在感染前（第 1 期）、口服 L3 后（第 2 期）、感染早期（第 3 期）和后期（第 4 期），测定了采食量、生产性能和生理参数。在感染前后，各组动物的日粮摄入量或平均日增重均无差异，或通过粪便卵计数估计的寄生虫负担（P > 0.05）。在感染前，BNP 组的羔羊具有更高的饲料效率（P < 0.001），但在感染后则相反。此外，日粮中添加植物生物活性物质对血液或肌肉脂质过氧化、血常规、血清结合珠蛋白浓度和免疫球蛋白 E 均无影响（P > 0.05）。这些结果可能是由于日粮中添加的植物生物活性物质剂量低、吸收受限或在瘤胃中失活。饲料效率的变化表明日粮中的 BC 与寄生虫感染之间存在负相互作用，这需要进一步研究。
