Ranjan Kumar Rajiv, Parmar Kalpesh, Tyagi Shantanu, Mandal Subhajit, Singh Shrawan Kumar
Department of Urology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
J Endourol Case Rep. 2020 Dec 29;6(4):497-501. doi: 10.1089/cren.2020.0164. eCollection 2020.
Failure of mature kidney to reach its natural location in renal fossa is termed as renal ectopia. Ectopic kidney can be found in pelvic, iliac, abdominal, and thoracic location. Pelvic ectopia has been estimated to occur in 1 of 2100 to 3000 autopsies. In contrast, ectopic ureters are commonly associated with complete renal duplication. Commonest presentation in females in continuous urinary incontinence with normal voiding habits as ectopic ureter open below the bladder neck in urethra or vagina. An ectopic kidney with ectopic ureter is extremely rare congenital anomaly. We report a 36-year-old woman presenting with left lower abdomen pain with no history of fever, dysuria, or urinary incontinence. On evaluation, she was found to have left nonfunctioning ectopic pelvic kidney with ectopic ureter opening in the vestibule of the vagina, which was managed with laparoscopic nephroureterectomy. One should suspect an ectopic ureter in a female presenting with continuous urinary incontinence since birth. However, diagnosis is challenging when clinical presentation is unusual with no urinary incontinence as seen in the index case. Detailed local examination in correlation with imaging is key for diagnosis and rule out other congenital anomalies. Laparoscopic approach in such clinical scenario is a safe and feasible option.
成熟肾脏未能到达肾窝的自然位置被称为肾异位。异位肾可出现在盆腔、髂部、腹部和胸部位置。据估计,盆腔异位在2100至3000例尸检中会出现1例。相比之下,异位输尿管通常与完全性肾重复有关。女性最常见的表现是持续尿失禁且排尿习惯正常,因为异位输尿管开口于膀胱颈下方的尿道或阴道。伴有异位输尿管的异位肾是一种极其罕见的先天性异常。我们报告了一名36岁女性,表现为左下腹疼痛,无发热、尿痛或尿失禁病史。经评估,发现她有左侧无功能的盆腔异位肾,异位输尿管开口于阴道前庭,通过腹腔镜肾输尿管切除术进行了治疗。对于自出生以来就出现持续尿失禁的女性,应怀疑有异位输尿管。然而,当临床表现不寻常且无尿失禁时,如本病例所示,诊断具有挑战性。结合影像学进行详细的局部检查是诊断和排除其他先天性异常的关键。在这种临床情况下,腹腔镜手术是一种安全可行的选择。