Zheng Huijuan, Li Jun, Ning Fangjian, Wijaya Wahyu, Chen Yunjiao, Xiao Jie, Cao Yong, Huang Qingrong
Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China.
Food Funct. 2021 Mar 1;12(4):1558-1568. doi: 10.1039/d0fo02636k.
As a phenolic terpenoid, carnosic acid (CA) mainly exists in rosemary, which can be effectively used for the treatment of degenerative and chronic diseases by taking advantage of its health-promoting bioactivities. However, the low solubility and dissolution of CA in aqueous solutions at ambient and body temperatures result in low stability and bioaccessibility during the digestion process, which limits its application scope in the functional foods industry. In this regard, a lecithin based nanoemulsion system (CA-NE) is employed in the present work to enhance the bioaccessibility and bioactivities of CA. It is revealed that the CA-NE under investigation exhibits high loading capacity (2.80 ± 0.15%), small particle size (172.0 ± 3.5 nm) with homogeneous particle distribution (polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.231± 0.025) and high repulsive force (zeta potential = -57.2 ± 0.24 mV). More importantly, the bioaccessibility of CA-NE is improved by 2.8-fold compared to that of CA in MCT oil. In addition, the cellular antioxidant assay (CAA) and cellular uptake study of the CA-NE in HepG2 cell models demonstrate a longer endocytosis process, suggesting the well-controlled release of CA from CA-NE. Furthermore, an improved anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated via the inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-α production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The results clearly demonstrated a promising application of CA-NE as a functional food.
作为一种酚类萜类化合物，肌醇六磷酸（CA）主要存在于迷迭香中，利用其促进健康的生物活性，它可有效用于治疗退行性和慢性疾病。然而，CA在环境温度和体温下在水溶液中的低溶解度和低溶出度导致其在消化过程中的稳定性和生物可及性较低，这限制了其在功能性食品工业中的应用范围。在这方面，本研究采用基于卵磷脂的纳米乳液体系（CA-NE）来提高CA的生物可及性和生物活性。结果表明，所研究的CA-NE具有高负载量（2.80±0.15%）、小粒径（172.0±3.5 nm）且粒径分布均匀（多分散指数（PDI）为0.231±0.025）以及高排斥力（ζ电位=-57.2±0.24 mV）。更重要的是，与MCT油中的CA相比，CA-NE的生物可及性提高了2.8倍。此外，在HepG2细胞模型中对CA-NE进行的细胞抗氧化分析（CAA）和细胞摄取研究表明其具有更长的内吞过程，这表明CA从CA-NE中得到了良好的控制释放。此外，通过抑制LPS刺激的RAW 264.7巨噬细胞中促炎细胞因子、一氧化氮（NO）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的产生，评估了其抗炎活性的改善情况。结果清楚地表明CA-NE作为功能性食品具有广阔的应用前景。
