Wang Mo, Xu Baiqing, Wang Hailong, Zhang Rudong, Yang Yang, Gao Shaopeng, Tang Xiangxiang, Wang Ninglian
Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
Environ Pollut. 2020 Oct 27;273:115778. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115778.
Black carbon (BC), by the combustion of fossil fuels and biomass, has profound effects on climate change and glacier retreat in industrial eras. In the present study, we report refractory BC (rBC) in an ice core spanning 1850-2014, retrieved from the Hariqin Glacier of the Tanggula Mountains in the central Tibetan Plateau, measured using a single particle soot photometer (SP2). The rBC concentration shows a three-fold increase since the 1950s. The mean rBC concentration was 0.71 ± 0.52 ng mL during 1850s-1940s and 2.11 ± 1.60 ng mL during 1950s-2010s. The substantial increase in rBC since the 1950s is consistent with rBC ice core records from the Tibetan Plateau and Eastern Europe. According to the predominant atmospheric circulation patterns over the glacier and timing of changes in regional emissions, the post-1950 amplification of rBC concentration in the central Tibetan Plateau most likely reflects increases in emissions in Eastern Europe, former USSR, the Middle East, and South Asia. Despite the low-level background rBC concentrations in the ice cores from the Tibetan Plateau, the present study highlights a remarkable increase in anthropogenic BC emissions in recent decades and the consequent influence on glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau.
在工业时代，化石燃料和生物质的燃烧所产生的黑碳（BC）对气候变化和冰川消退有着深远影响。在本研究中，我们报告了取自青藏高原中部唐古拉山脉哈日钦冰川、跨越1850年至2014年的一根冰芯中的难熔黑碳（rBC），使用单颗粒烟尘光度计（SP2）进行测量。自20世纪50年代以来，rBC浓度增加了两倍。在19世纪50年代至20世纪40年代期间，rBC平均浓度为0.71±0.52纳克/毫升，在20世纪50年代至2010年代期间为2.11±1.60纳克/毫升。自20世纪50年代以来rBC的大幅增加与青藏高原和东欧的rBC冰芯记录一致。根据冰川上空主要大气环流模式以及区域排放变化的时间，20世纪50年代后青藏高原中部rBC浓度的增加很可能反映了东欧、前苏联、中东和南亚排放量的增加。尽管青藏高原冰芯中的rBC浓度处于低背景水平，但本研究突出了近几十年来人为BC排放显著增加以及对青藏高原冰川的相应影响。
